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Historical Ch'oe Cheu and Secret Societies of Ch'ŏngnimgyo: Religion and Violence of Resistance in Korean Indigenous Religion

  • Religions of Korea
  • 2022, 51(), pp.56~101
  • DOI : 10.37860/krel.2022.02.51.56
  • Publisher : The Research Center of Religions
  • Research Area : Humanities > Religious Studies
  • Received : January 15, 2022
  • Accepted : February 10, 2022
  • Published : February 15, 2022

Han, Seung-hoon 1

1원광대학교 한중관계연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This article deals with three cases that reveal the relationship between indigenous religion and the violence of resistance in modern Korea. First, according to government data, Suun 水雲 Ch'oe Che-u 崔濟愚 predicted that the old era would come to an end due to the attack of Western powers, and that Tonghak would take part in this situation and its believers could hold a government positions. Although this political orientation which “historical Ch'oe Che-u” would have was forgotten and reduced in the later Tonghak doctrine and historical description, it subsisted on the periphery and outside of the denomination. The second problem is how the belief in the True Man 眞人 Chŏng 鄭, the messianic figure of the late Chosŏn period, was received in the early Tonghak group. In the case of treason in the 1860s, it is confirmed that there were rumors that Ch'oe Che-u and Tonghak had magical techniques to overthrow the world. And during the Tonghak Uprising, there were testimonies that the peasant army were under the military command of the Real Master 眞主 Chŏng. The third issue is Ch'ŏngnimgyo 靑林敎 that appears in the data of anti-Japanese political activities during the colonial period. It shows that even after the new religion was institutionalized as a “quasi-religion” with the introduction of the modern concept of religion and the separation of state and religion, religious resistance and violent orientation continued in the form of secret societies.

Citation status

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.