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Faith-Based Economic Community: A Comparative Study of Mondragón and Sarvōdaya

Hyung Kyu Lee 1

1한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 역사문화연구소

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ABSTRACT

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, many religious value based movements and communities, which could best be described as ‘utopian movements,’ have been forming to promote grassroots economic interaction and to protect people and the planet from ecological catastrophe. Among them, Mondragón Cooperative Corporations in Spain and the Sarvōdaya Shramadana movement, a village self-development movement in Sri Lanka, have sought to provide a new direction for socio-ecological communities. This essay provides a comparative study of Mondragón and the Sarvōdaya movement, with the aim of understanding the social ethics of Catholic Social Teaching and Socially Engaged Asian Buddhism. As this essay argues, the thoughts and work of Mondragón and the Sarvōdaya Movement provide important elements for defining social and ecological justice in human societies. According to Max Weber, Roman Catholic and Asian religions played a role in hindering the development of modern industrial capitalism. At the same time, Roman Catholicism and Buddhist Sangha have for several decades applied their social teachings within the economic lives of their societies. Social Catholicism and socially engaged Buddhism, as realized by these two movements, apply dynamic social teachings coherent with their traditions’ building social-ecological awareness, promoting the sustainability of human society with all creatures.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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