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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel for Carbon Neutrality II. Water Electrolysis Facilities

  • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Abbr : J EIA
  • 2026, 35(3), pp.143~156
  • Publisher : Korean Society Of Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Research Area : Engineering > Environmental Engineering
  • Received : February 6, 2026
  • Accepted : June 15, 2026
  • Published : June 30, 2026

Hyun-Jin,Choi ORD ID 1 Taeyun Kim ORD ID 1

1한국환경연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Abstract: In the transition toward carbon neutrality, the deployment of renewable-energy-linked water electrolysis hydrogen production facilities is expected to expand. Although electrolysis produces almost no direct emissions, indirect greenhouse gas emissions depending on the electricity source, water use, and safety perception emerge as key environmental considerations. This study systematizes major considerations and application directions from an environmental impact assessment (EIA) perspective. Literature and technical materials were analyzed to identify environmental impact pathways of the electrolysis process and compare them with existing EIA categories. The review focused on greenhouse gas emission characteristics by electricity source, operational water use, site conditions, and social perception factors. Results indicate that environmental performance is largely determined by the electricity source rather than the process itself, and that large-scale facilities require verification considering regional water resource conditions and operational characteristics. The study distinguishes applicable existing EIA items and additional considerations, providing reference information for environmental review of hydrogen production facilities.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.