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This study aims to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of pollutant loads in theupstream region of the Namgang Reservoir using integrated water quantity and quality monitoringdata. Automatic measurement equipment was installed at key tributaries to collect hourly data ondischarge and total phosphorus (T-P) concentrations. Based on the collected data from 2023 to 2024,daily average pollutant loads were calculated. The results revealed a clear trend of higher pollutantloading during the summer and flood seasons, with the Imcheon site showing the highest loadingand delivery rate. Non-point sources accounted for approximately 85% of the total pollutant loads, emphasizing the need for effective land use and livestock waste management in the watershed. Additionally, a Load Duration Curve (LDC) analysis identified specific flow ranges and periods whenwater quality standards were exceeded. These findings provide critical baseline data for scientificwater quality management and the development of pollution reduction policies in the Namgangwatershed.

Biocharis necessary in various aspects such as responding to climate change using carbonsequestration and improving plant growth through soil improvement. In agriculture, biocharresearchis being conducted to increase crop growth, but research targeting trees is rare. Therefore, this studymonitored and analyzed changes in soil environment and tree growth according to biochartreatment(16 kg/m2, 4 kg/m2, 0 kg/m2) of Zelkova serrata growing in green areas in residential areas. From July2023 to March 2025, soil moisture, soil temperature, and electrical conductivity data for each treatmentarea were acquired, soil physicochemical analysis was performed, and the diameter at breast height,root diameter, and tree height of Zelkova serrata were measured. The monitoring results showed thatsoil moisture and electrical conductivity were statistically significant in the soil environment, and the16 kg treatment area had significantly higher waterretention capacity and electrical conductivity thanothertreatment areas. In soil physicochemical analysis, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, totalnitrogen, and total carbon showed statistical significance. In tree growth, statistical significance wasshown in the diameter at breast height, and the 4 kg treatment showed the highest growth rate(24.55%), while the 16 kg treatment showed the lowest growth rate (19.46%). As a result of confirmingthe correlation, it was confirmed that the higherthe soil moisture and electrical conductivity, the moreunfavorable it was for the growth of the diameter at breast height. This study revealed that excessivebiochar application (16 kg/m2) can actually inhibit tree growth and identified the optimal applicationdose (4 kg/m2) for soil carbon storage capacity and Zelkova serrata growth. This will serve as valuablebaseline data for developing effective biochar application strategies for creating and managing greenspaces in residential areas

This study aimed to elucidate how the wood anatomical characteristics of Alnus hirsuta,native to the Korean Peninsula, respond to recent climatic factors such as temperature andprecipitation. Wood samples were collected from five areas including Ulleung, Inje, Namwon, precipitation, confirming the high climate sensitivity of Alnus hirsuta. These results can be used asbasic data for predicting the distribution shift and growth characteristic changes due to climatechange, and suggest that Alnus hirsuta can contribute to ecosystem management as a climate sensitiveindicator species. Sancheong, and Seogwipo. Growth rate of annual rings, frequency, length, area of vessels, frequencyof ray, and fiber length were measured and analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that withhigh temperature and precipitation, the growth amount of annual rings and the area and length ofvessel significantly increased, which reflected the anatomical adaptations that promoted watertransport efficiency and growth. On the other hand, the frequency ofray and the length of fibertendedto decrease under high temperature and high precipitation, suggesting that the storage and mechanicalsupport functions were relatively suppressed. In the Pearson correlation analysis with climateelements, most of the anatomical characters showed significant relationships with temperature and