@article{ART003378009},
author={Songhee Cheon},
title={Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot},
journal={Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine},
issn={1975-311X},
year={2026},
volume={21},
number={3},
pages={121-130}
TY - JOUR
AU - Songhee Cheon
TI - Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot
JO - Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
PY - 2026
VL - 21
IS - 3
PB - The Korean Society of Physical Medicine
SP - 121
EP - 130
SN - 1975-311X
AB - PURPOSE: This study examined the task-dependent alterations in the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) muscle activity during gait in individuals with a functional flatfoot.
METHODS: Twenty-one young adults (14 with a functional flatfoot, 7 with normal foot posture) participated. Surface electromyography was used to record the TA and PL activity during six walking conditions: pelvic-width, tandem, back-wedge, front-wedge, shod normal, and barefoot normal walking. The gait cycle was divided into heel contact, toe touch, heel off, toe off, and swing phases. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects of the foot type, gait condition, gait phase, and their interactions.
RESULTS: The TA activity was significantly lower in the functional flatfoot group than in the control group (β = −6.581, p = .028). Front-wedge walking increased TA activation (β = 11.752, p < .001), whereas individuals with a functional flatfoot showed a reduced response under this condition (β = −9.807, p = .004). No overall group difference in PL activity was observed (p = .101), whereas significant task- and phase-specific interaction effects were identified. Reduced PL activation in the functional flatfoot group was observed during front-wedge walking at toe touch and toe off, and during swing in back-wedge, front-wedge, and shod normal walking (all p < .05).
CONCLUSION: Functional flatfoot was associated with lower TA activation and altered PL activation patterns during specific gait conditions. These findings suggest that the muscle activation patterns of the ankle-foot complex differ between individuals with and without a functional flatfoot.
KW - Electromyography;Functional flatfoot;Gait;Peroneus longus;Tibialis anterior
DO -
UR -
ER -
Songhee Cheon. (2026). Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 21(3), 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. 2026, "Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot", Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, vol.21, no.3 pp.121-130.
Songhee Cheon "Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 21.3 pp.121-130 (2026) : 121.
Songhee Cheon. Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot. 2026; 21(3), 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. "Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 21, no.3 (2026) : 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 21(3), 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2026; 21(3) 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot. 2026; 21(3), 121-130.
Songhee Cheon. "Task-dependent Changes of Tibialis Anterior and Peroneus Longus Activity During Gait in Individuals With Functional Flatfoot" Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine 21, no.3 (2026) : 121-130.
