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Being and Analogy:Centered on St. Thomas Aquinas' View on the Existence of God

  • Philosophical Investigation
  • 2006, 20(), pp.5~38
  • Publisher : Institute of philosophy in Chung-Ang Univ.
  • Research Area : Humanities > Philosophy

유지황 1

1관동대

Candidate

ABSTRACT

This article is intended to clarify that Thomas Aquinas' ontology is grounded on his view on the existence of God and sets forth its major poles through the analogy of being and the proof of God's existence, which reflect the difference between God and all the other beings about the relation of essence and existence. He poses God for the ultimate cause of all beings who are both the composite of essence as ‘what it is’ with existence as ‘that it is’ and the composite principle of form and matter generally similar yet specifically different. This requires the understanding of some major philosophical issues of God and beings, which deal with the unity or distinction of essence and existence, the relation between form and matter, and with the analogy of being and participation. All beings disclose the truth of divine being by constructing their own individual substantial realities, based upon their participation into the perfection of God. This means that, just as that which has fire, but is not itself fire, is on fire by participation, so they represent God's form by partially getting into the perfect being of God, even if they are strikingly different from God in the matter of essence and existence. After all, Aquinas' ideas of God and being are rooted upon two presupposing facts: 1) the world has the changeable, hierarchical, and teleological order, and the different degrees of perfection. 2) all beings in the world have the pluralistically real distinctions between essence and existence, and between form and matter, which are not absolutely, but relatively true and good. Hence it argues that we can talk about God analogically and prove the existence of God in a way of tracing from the variety of worldly existential realities back to God the ultimate cause.

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