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Reconsidering the Vocative in Japanese-Toward a New Definition-

  • Journal of Japanese Culture
  • 2019, (82), pp.103-121
  • DOI : 10.21481/jbunka..82.201908.103
  • Publisher : The Japanese Culture Association Of Korea (Jcak)
  • Research Area : Humanities > Japanese Language and Literature
  • Received : May 24, 2019
  • Accepted : August 5, 2019
  • Published : August 31, 2019

Higashide, Tomo 1

1부경대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a definition of the Japanese vocative. First, we consider the position that referring to words like anata, omae, and watashi as pronouns is inappropriate morphologically, functionally, semantically and lexicologically. We then discuss the similarities of terms such as koshō ‘name’, yobikakego ‘vocative’, and taishōshi ‘address term’. Finally, we reanalyze former studies from the perspective of a part of speech, sentence structure and speech act. The expressions for addressing a person, such as otōsan and sensei, are categorized as nouns, structurally as freestanding words. Their use as a speech act is considered to initiate and maintain the discourse with the hearer. In order to explain certain interesting phenomena that occur in conversation, we analyze them at the level of discourse. Thus we propose a definition of the vocative in Japanese as an element without particles through which the speaker indicates the hearer.

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