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Understanding the Diverse Mechanisms of Stroke: Excitotoxiicty, Cell Death, and Inflammation

  • Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
  • Abbr : Anat Biol Anthropol
  • 2026, 39(1), pp.31~35
  • DOI : 10.11637/aba.2026.39.1.31
  • Publisher : 대한체질인류학회
  • Research Area : Medicine and Pharmacy > Anatomy
  • Received : February 23, 2026
  • Accepted : March 27, 2026
  • Published : March 31, 2026

정아인 1 Yoon-Young Chung 2 Hwang Hyo In 2 신혜경 2 YONGHYUN JUN 2

1조선대학교 의과대학
2조선대학교 의과대학 해부학교실

Accredited

ABSTRACT

stroke remains one of the most challenging neurological conditions worldwide, contributing heavily to mortality, disability, and long-term medical costs. Although advances in imaging, early detection, and reperfusion therapy have improved acute outcomes, there is still a striking lack of effective neuroprotective treatments. This review outlines the primary biological processes associated with ischemic injury-excitotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis/necroptosis, altered autophagy, and post-ischemic inflammation-and describes how these mechanisms interact over time. Their interdependence affects the evolution of tissue damage and ultimately shapes recovery. A clearer understanding of how these pathways intersect may help identify new therapeutic targets. Current treatments focus almost entirely on getting blood flowing again, but they offer limited efficacy in sustaining neuronal viability or facilitating long-term functional recovery. We need a shift toward multimodal protection, immune modulation, and therapies that actually account for the specific type of clot and the patient’s own biology.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.