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Minimizing Rectal Toxicity in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: From Anatomical Understanding to Modern Protective Strategies- A Narrative Review

Ye Won Kim , Seung Gyu Park , Choi, Euncheol and 3 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.273~281 | number of Cited : 0

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Stature Estimation from Sternal Length in Korean Cadavers

Digud Kim , CHOI YU JIN , Park Kwang Rak and 4 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.283~290 | number of Cited : 0

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Stature estimation is an important aspect of physical anthropology and forensic science, especially when long bones are missing or fragmented, necessitating alternative skeletal indicators. The sternum, due to its location in the chest, is relatively resistant to damage and may be useful in forensic identification. However, no research for stature estimation using the sternum in Korean population has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between sternal length and stature and propose equation of statue estimation in Korean population. 56 formalin-fixed Korean adult cadavers (38 males, 18 females, mean age 79.2±10.3 years) were used for this study. The length of manubrium (M), length of body (B), and combined length of sternum (CL) and the stature were measured. Descriptive statistics for all variables were calculated, and comparisons by sex were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The correlation between sternum length and stature was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. To prove the measurement variables with the highest correlation and their effects on stature, simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to derive a regression equation for estimating stature. Both B and CL showed significant positive correlations with stature in males, females, and the total sample (p<0.05). B showed the highest correlation (males R = 0.748, females R = 0.573, total R = 0.719) and showed the lowest standard error of estimate (SEE) in regression analysis, indicating the highest accuracy. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that combining B and CL increased accuracy in males and in the total sample. This study proposed the first regression equations for stature estimation from sternal length in Koreans. In particular, B was the most powerful candidate for stature estimation in Koreans. For male, Stature = 1218.964 + 5.110 × B - 0.634 × CL, and for female, Stature = 1367.617 + 2.232 × B - 0.202 × CL. This formula may be more appropriate and useful in forensic identification and anthropological research for the Korean population.

Effect of Cooling Temperature on Shrinkage and Pressure-Induced Discomfort in Thermoplastic Head and Neck Immobilization Masks for Radiotherapy

SHIN YUN SUNG , Youngmin Kim , 박소현 and 1 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.291~302 | number of Cited : 0

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Morphological Classification and Anthropological Characteristics of the Xiphoid Process in Koreans

Hyungwook Kwon

, CHOI YU JIN , Cho Jae Ho and 4 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.303~309 | number of Cited : 0

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Stature estimation is an important aspect of physical anthropology and forensic science, especially when long bones are missing or fragmented, necessitating alternative skeletal indicators. The sternum, due to its location in the chest, is relatively resistant to damage and may be useful in forensic identification. However, no research for stature estimation using the sternum in Korean population has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between sternal length and stature and propose equation of statue estimation in Korean population. 56 formalin-fixed Korean adult cadavers (38 males, 18 females, mean age 79.2±10.3 years) were used for this study. The length of manubrium (M), length of body (B), and combined length of sternum (CL) and the stature were measured. Descriptive statistics for all variables were calculated, and comparisons by sex were analyzed using independent samples t-test. The correlation between sternum length and stature was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. To prove the measurement variables with the highest correlation and their effects on stature, simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to derive a regression equation for estimating stature. Both B and CL showed significant positive correlations with stature in males, females, and the total sample (p<0.05). B showed the highest correlation (males R = 0.748, females R = 0.573, total R = 0.719) and showed the lowest standard error of estimate (SEE) in regression analysis, indicating the highest accuracy. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that combining B and CL increased accuracy in males and in the total sample. This study proposed the first regression equations for stature estimation from sternal length in Koreans. In particular, B was the most powerful candidate for stature estimation in Koreans. For male, Stature = 1218.964 + 5.110 × B - 0.634 × CL, and for female, Stature = 1367.617 + 2.232 × B - 0.202 × CL. This formula may be more appropriate and useful in forensic identification and anthropological research for the Korean population.

Development of Deep Learning-based Model for Automatic Calculation of Maxillary Sinus Volume Using Post-mortem Computed Tomograpy in Forensic Anthropology

Kyeongsu Lee , IZZATI LIA WILDA , Yeji Kim and 3 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.311~318 | number of Cited : 0

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Bioanthropological Study of the Late 16th-Century Dietary Consumption Pattern in the West Coast Region as Recorded in the Joseon Dynasty Diary Soemirok

Shin, Dong Hoon

, Jong Ha Hong , Shin, Eun-Kyoung | 2025, 38(4) | pp.319~328 | number of Cited : 0

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Stable isotope analysis holds a central place in biological anthropology, as it allows researchers to reconstruct the dietary patterns of past populations based on scientific evidence. However, its interpretive precision remains limited; stable isotope values do not always distinguish food categories at a sufficiently detailed level. This limitation makes it difficult to fully understand historical diets. To address this issue, classifying the wide range of food items recorded in Joseon-period diaries according to stable isotope analytical criteria may greatly enhance the interpretation of isotope results obtained from human-derived organic materials such as excavated skeletal remains and mummified tissues. In this study, food items documented in Soemirok, a late 16th-century Joseon Dynasty diary, were examined and categorized using stable isotope analysis criteria. The results indicate that residents of Korea’s western coastal region consumed a far more diverse and abundant array of C3 plants-such as rice, soybeans, barley, buckwheat, and wheat-compared with C4 plants such as foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, Job’s tears, and sorghum. Regarding non-grain foods, marine and terrestrial resources were consumed far more extensively than freshwater species. Terrestrial foods frequently included pheasant, beef, chicken, roe deer, pork, and dog, whereas marine foods commonly featured yellow croaker, croaker species, gizzard shad, cod, hairtail, sea bream, mackerel, and sardine. These findings demonstrate that analyses of diary materials can provide critical contextual information for interpreting stable isotope data. If similar research is conducted using a broader range of Joseon-period diaries, the interpretive resolution of dietary reconstructions in biological anthropology will be significantly enhanced.

Clinical and Prognostic Value of TIMP1 in Colorectal Cancer

Hyeok Jun Moon , Lee, Jae-Ho , Lee june chai and 1 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.329~334 | number of Cited : 0

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A Case Report of a Supernumerary Thoracic Vertebra Found in Human Remains from a Lime-Mortar Burial of the Joseon Dynasty

lee seong mi , 김주원 , KIM JAEHYUN and 1 other persons | 2025, 38(4) | pp.335~340 | number of Cited : 0

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Forensic and Anatomical Case Analysis of Cervical Sharp-Force Injuries in an Abnormal Motive Homicide

Geuntae Lee | 2025, 38(4) | pp.341~346 | number of Cited : 0

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Abnormal motive homicide refers to a killing driven by irrational, non-goal-directed motives that deviate from social and ethical norms. This report presents a rare case of abnormal motive homicide in Korea, detailing the medico-legal and anatomical characteristics of fatal cervical sharp-force injuries. A 60-year-old woman was found lying supine on a mountain trail with multiple sharp-force wounds. Bloodstain pattern analysis demonstrated extensive pooling and transfer patterns consistent with on-site exsanguination without any post-injury displacement of the body. External examination revealed numerous incised and stab wounds concentrated in the anterior and lateral cervical regions, along with defensive injuries on the left hand. Autopsy identified extensive sharp-force trauma, including complete transection of the trachea and esophagus and bilateral lacerations of the carotid and jugular vessels, confirming death by exsanguination due to catastrophic cervical injury. Judicial records revealed that the perpetrator had previously served 15 years for robbery-murder and reoffended four months after release amid untreated paranoid schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and severe social isolation. The absence of any prior relationship with the victim and the perpetrator’s disorganized, non-instrumental attack pattern substantiate the classification of this case as an abnormal motive homicide. This case underscores the medico-legal significance of sharp-force injuries involving major cervical structures and highlights the necessity for multifaceted preventive strategies, including improved mental health care, enhanced community monitoring systems, and strengthened recidivism-prevention programs. Multidisciplinary research integrating psychological, social, and neurobiological perspectives is further recommended to support evidence-based crime-prevention and public-safety policies.

Multi-Breasts of Artemis of Ephesus through a Plastic Surgeon’s Lens

KUN HWANG | 2025, 38(4) | pp.347~349 | number of Cited : 0

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Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.36

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2025, Vol.38, No.4 All Issues