2009, Vol.22, No.3

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67

pISSN : 1229-0718 / eISSN : 2671-6542
https://journal.kci.go.kr/baldal

The purpose of this study is to explore the fact that facial recognition and the bias of intent attribution played a mediating role in the process that children's experience of maltreatment has influence on depression and aggression. With regard to the objects and methods of this study, maltreatment experiences, the bias of facial recognition, the tendency of the intent attribution in ambiguous situation, depression, and aggression were examined in 737 elementary students from 4 to 6 grades in Seoul. In order to verify the models, goodness of fit and significant paths were verified through structural equation model(SEM). According to the results, although maltreatment experience, itself, had influence on depression and aggression, the bias of facial expression caused by maltreatment influenced intent attribution and the study found that such the bias of intent attribution had influence on depression and aggression. However, the bias of facial recognition, itself, had no influence on depression and aggression and intent attribution, namely, the process that interpreted others' intentions as hostility could cause depression and aggression. This study verified that the children with maltreatment histories showed the biased hostile characteristics in facial recognition, facial interpretation and intent attribution and identified that the bias of facial recognition and intent attribution played a mediating role.

It has been postulated that as people get older, the episodic information in our auto biographical memory should be deteriorated faster than the semantic aspect of it. To examine the thesis, the present study measured the probed retrieval performances of young and old group in their autobiographical memory using a technique called, Autobiographical Interview(AI). It was also examined if the probed retrieval was in any way effected by the emotional valence of the events recalled. The results showed that: (1) There was clear age deficits in episodic memory but not in semantic memory. (2) Retrieval support helped young adults more in recalling episodic memories than older adults and this trend was quite visible in the category of time, perception and thought/emotion. (3) There was no evidence of the advantage in recalling the emotional events in both episodic and semantic aspects of autobiographical memory. (4) The recall for negative events in older adults interacted with rehearsal. It can be safely argued that the nature of tools and techniques administered to study cognitive aging will determine the level of validity of the data collected.

The purposes of this study were to develop the sibling relations questionnaire for college students and to examine the relationships of sibling relations, personality traits and psychopathological symptoms with college students. The questionnaire with 30 items developed in this study involved 2 factors, warmth and conflict and had good psychometric properties. Results suggested that the quality of sibling relations were associated with personality traits, especially extroversion and agreeableness could predict sibling relations of men and women and conscientiousness and neuroticism were able to predict women's and openness to experience to men's sibling relations. Also warmth was only related with paranoia of men, but conflict was associated with 9 psychopathological symptoms of men and women. Intrestingly women with more conflict in sibling relations had significantly more psychopathological symptoms than men with more conflict.