Differences of cognitive and affective empathy by participant roles in bullying among 5th and 6th grade Korean children (또래괴롭힘 참여역할에 따른인지적·정서적 공감의 차이)

Ghim, Hei-rhee (김혜리)

Differences of cognitive and affective empathy by participant roles in bullying among 5th and 6th grade Korean children

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
2013, 26(4), pp.1-20
Publisher : The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology
Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science

Ghim, Hei-rhee ¹

¹충북대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examined the differences in cognitive and affective empathy in six types of participant roles in bullying. Cognitive and affective empathy was measured using three self-report questionnaires on empathy, Korean version of EQ-C (Cha, et al., 2011), BEI (Bryant, 1982), and IRI (Davis, 1983), on a sample of 299 Korean children in the fifth and sixth grade. Based on the results of a peer nomination questionnaire on participant roles (Sutton & Smith, 1999), the children were assigned to one of six roles: “bullies,” “reinforcers,” “assistants,” “defenders,” “outsiders,” and “victims.” It was found that affective empathy scores were higher for defenders than for victims, outsiders, assistants, and reinforcers, whereas cognitive empathy scores were higher for defenders than for victims, but were not higher than those for outsiders, assistants, and reinforcers. The results demonstrated that defenders displayed both aspects of empathy, affective and cognitive, but victims displayed neither. In contrast, bullies displayed cognitive but not affective empathy.

KEYWORDS

cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, participant roles in bullying, bullies, assistants, reinforcers, defenders, outsiders, victims

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] 김경미 / 2008 / The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Social Competence in Preschool Children / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 21(3) : 21~39

[journal] 김선애 / 2004 / A Study on Tendency of the Group Harassment Researches / 한국청소년연구 / 한국청소년정책연구원 15(1) : 73~107

[journal] 김아름 / 2009 / The Relations between Children's Peer Status and Mindreading / 한국심리학회지:학교 / 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 6(2) : 149~169

[book] 김용태 / 1997 / 청소년 친구 따돌림의 실태조사, In 따돌리는 아이들, 따돌림당하는 아이들 / 청소년대화의 광장 : 55~84

[journal] 김은아 / 2011 / The Roles of Empathy, Self-efficacy, and Beliefs in Classroom Norm in Defending Behaviors among Middle School Students / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 24(1) : 59~77

[journal] 김혜리 / 2012 / Children's Facial Mimicry to Dynamic Emotional Facial Expressions and Their Emotional Empathy / 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / 한국인지및생물심리학회 24(4) : 433~452

[journal] 김혜리 / 2005 / Peer Popularity and Theory of Mind / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 18(1) : 1~18

[journal] 김혜리 / 2006 / Mindreading and bullying / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 19(2) : 1~19

[journal] 김혜리 / 2013 / The Relation of Cognitive and Emotional Empathy to Social Behaviors in Korean Children / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 26(1) : 255~275

[journal] 박영신 / 2001 / 학교폭력과 인간관계 및 청소년의 심리 행동특성: 폭력가해, 폭력피해, 폭력무경험 집단의 비교를 중심으로 / 한국심리학회지 문화 및 사회문제 7(1) : 63~89

[report] 박효정 / 2004 / 한국 초등학생의 생활 및 문화실태 분석연구 / 한국교육개발원

[journal] 신나민 / 2012 / Empathy and bullying: How are they related in explaining the types of bullying participations among adolescents? / 청소년복지연구 / 한국청소년복지학회 14(4) : 25~45

[journal] 신성웅 / 2000 / 학교폭력 피해자의 정신병 실태 조사 / 소아청소년정신의학 11(1) : 124~143

[journal] 심희옥 / 2005 / A Cross-Sectional and Short-Term Longitudinal Study on Bullying/Victimizationand Interpersonal Behavior Characteristics：The Participant Roles Approach / 아동학회지 / 한국아동학회 26(5) : 263~280

[journal] 오인수 / 2010 / Psychological Factors Influencing Bystanders' Behavioral Reactions to Bullying : A Focus on Empathy and Aggression / 초등교육연구 / 한국초등교육학회 23(1) : 45~63

[journal] 이상원 / 2006 / 학교폭력 현황 및 영향요인에 관한 연구 / 한국민간경비학회보 8 : 1~32

[journal] 이해경 / 2001 / 초등학생들의 집단괴롭힘 가해행동과 피해행동에 대한 사회적, 심리적 예측변인들: 학년과 성별을 중심으로 / 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 15(1) : 117~138

[journal] 조영일 / 2013 / Psychological Characteristics of Victims and Bullies in School Violence -Predictors Group Changes in School Violence- / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 26(2) : 67~85

[journal] 주은선 / 2003 / 집단따돌림 피해자 특성에 관한 연구 / 덕성여대논문집 32 : 143~168

[journal] 차화정 / 2011 / A Preliminary Study for the Validation of Korean Version of EQ-C Adapted as a Self-Report Questionnaire / 한국심리학회지: 발달 / 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 24(4) : 63~81

[report] 청소년폭력예방재단 / 2007 / 2007년도 학교폭력 실태조사 보고서 / 청소년폭력예방재단

[journal] 최지영 / 2008 / Moral Judgment and Social Interdependence according to Perception and Participant Role in Bullying Situation / 청소년학연구 / 한국청소년학회 15(6) : 171~196

[journal] 허재홍 / 2010 / Psychometric Analysis of the Empathy Quotient (EQ) Scale / 인문과학연구 / 인문과학연구소 24(24) : 183~200

[journal] Auyeung, B. / 2009 / The children's Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: Sex differences in typical development and in autism spectrum conditions / Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 39(11) : 1509~1521

[journal] Baron-Cohen, S. / 2004 / The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences / Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 34(2) : 163~175

[journal] Björkqvist, K. / 1982 / Bullies and victims : Their ego picture, ideal ego picture and normative ego picture / Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23(1) : 307~313

[journal] Borke, H. / 1971 / Interpersonal perception of young children: egocentrism or empathy? / Developmental Psychology 5 : 262~269

[journal] Bryant, B. / 1982 / An index of empathy for children and adolescents / Child Development 53 : 413~425

[journal] Caravita, S. / 2009 / Unique and interactive effects of empathy and social status on involvement in bullying / Social Development 18(1) : 140~163

[journal] Chaux, E. / 2005 / Role of third parties in conflicts among Colombian children and early adolescents / Aggressive Behavior 31(1) : 40~55

[journal] Davis, M. H. / 1983 / Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44 : 113~126

[book] Davis, M. H. / 1997 / Personality and empathic accuracy, In Empathic accuracy / Guilford Press

[journal] Dodge, K. A. / 1982 / Social cognitive biases and deficits in aggressive boys / Child Development : 620~635

[book] Dolan, M. / 2007 / Empathy, antisocial behavior and personality pathology, In Empathy in mental illness / Cambridge University Press

[book] Eisenberg, N. / 2010 / Empathy-related responding: Links with self-regulation, moral judgment, and moral behavior, In Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: The better angels of our nature / American Psychological Association

[journal] Eisenberg, N. / 1990 / Empathy: Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behavior / Motivation and Emotion 14 : 131~149

[book] Endresen I. M. / 2002 / Self-reported empathy in Norwegian adolescents: Sex differences, age trends, and relationship to bullying, In Constructive and destructive behavior: Implications for family, school, and society / American Psychological Association

[journal] Gini, G. / 2006 / Social cognition and moral cognition in bullying: What's wrong? / Aggressive Behavior 32(6) : 528~539

[journal] Gini, G. / 2007 / Does empathy predict adolescents' bullying and defending behavior? / Aggressive Behavior 33(5) : 467~476

[journal] Gini, G. / 2008 / The role of bystanders in students' perception of bullying and sense of safety / Journal of School Psychology 46(6) : 617~638

[journal] Goossens, F. A. / 2006 / New participant role scales : Comparison between various criteria for assigning roles and indications for their validity / Aggressive Behavior 32(4) : 343~357

[book] Hatfield, E. / 1994 / Emotional contagion / Cambridge University Press

[journal] Jolliffe, D. / 2004 / Empathy and offending : A systematic review and meta-analysis / Aggression and Violent Behavior 9(5) : 441~476

[journal] Jolliffe, D. / 2006 / Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale / Journal of Adolescence 29(4) : 589~611

[journal] JuHee Kim / 2010 / Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Empathy Quotient Scale / PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION / 대한신경정신의학회 7(1) : 24~30

[journal] Langdon, S. W. / 2008 / The relationship between levels of perceived respect and bullying in 5th through 12th graders / Adolescence 43(171) : 485~503

[journal] Lawrence, E. / 2004 / Measuring empathy : reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient / Psychological Medicine 34(5) : 911~920

[journal] Litvack-Miller, W. / 1997 / The structure of empathy during middle childhood and its relationship to prosocial behavior / Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs 123(3) : 303~324

[book] McIlwain, D. / 2003 / Bypassing empathy: A Machiavellian theory of mind and sneaky power, In Individual differences in theory of mind: Implications for typical and atypical development / Psychology Press

[journal] Mehrabian, A. / 1972 / A measure of emotional empathy / Journal of Personality 40 : 523~543

[journal] Menesini, E. / 2003 / Moral emotions and bullying : A cross‐national comparison of differences between bullies, victims and outsiders / Aggressive Behavior 29(6) : 515~530

[journal] Miller, P. A. / 1988 / The relation of empathy to aggressive and externalizing /antisocial behaviour / Psychological Bulettin 103 : 324~344

[journal] Muncer, S. J. / 2006 / Psychometric analysis of the empathy quotient(EQ)scale / Personality and Individual Differences 40(6) : 1111~1119

[journal] O'Connell, P. / 1999 / Peer involvement in bullying : Insights and challenges for intervention / Journal of Adolescence 22(4) : 437~452

[book] Olweus, D. / 1993 / Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do / Blackwell Publishing

[web] Patil, V. / 2007 / Parallel Analysis Engine to Aid in Determining Number of Factors to Retain(computer software) / http://ires.ku.edu/~smishra/parallelengi

[journal] Peterson, C. C. / 2002 / Mindreading and moral awareness in popular and rejected preschoolers / British Journal of Developmental Psychology 20(2) : 205~224

[book] Pfeifer, J. H. / 2009 / Mirror, mirror, in my mind: Empathy, interpersonal competence, and the mirror neuron system, In The social neuroscience of empathy / The MIT Press

[journal] Pfeifer, J. H. / 2008 / Mirroring others' emotions relates to empathy and interpersonal competence in children / NeuroImage 39 : 2076~2085

[journal] Rizzolatti, G. / 2004 / The mirror-neuron system / Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 : 169~192

[journal] Salmivalli, C. / 1996 / Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group / Aggressive Behavior 22(1) : 1~15

[journal] Slaughter, V. / 2002 / Theory of mind and peer acceptance in preschool children / British Journal of Developmental Psychology 20(4) : 545~564

[journal] Sonnby-Borgstrőm, M. / 2003 / Emotional empathy as related to mimicry reactions at different levels of information processing / Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 27 : 3~23

[journal] Sutton, J. / 2000 / Social competition in school : Relationships with bullying, Machiavellianism and personality / British Journal of Educational Psychology 70(3) : 443~456

[journal] Sutton, J. / 1999 / Bullying as a group process : An adaptation of the participant role approach / Aggressive Behavior 25 : 97~111

[journal] Sutton, J. / 1999 / Social cognition and bullying: social inadequacy or skilled manipulation? / British Journal of Developmental Psychology 17 : 435~450

[journal] Tani, F. / 2003 / Bullying and the big five: A study of childhood personality and participant roles in bullying incidents / School Psychology International 24(2) : 131~146

[journal] Warden, D. / 2003 / Prosocial children, bullies and victims: An investigation of their sociometric status, empathy and social problem‐solving strategies / British Journal of Developmental Psychology 21(3) : 367~385

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.

KJCKorea
Journal Central

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67