This study aims to analyze and discuss the evaluation items and criteria for assessing and measuring language proficiency. The analysis is based on scales from the JLPT(Japanese-Language Proficiency Test), JPT(Japanese Proficiency Test), FLEX(Foreign Language Examination) test, and the CEFR(Common European Framework of Reference for Languge) framework. During data analysis, I considered the unique characteristics of data and organized and analyzed them using qualitative methods that incorporated the KJ method. In this study, 176 basic labels were extracted, and the headings were categorized into “Evaluation items” and “Evaluation criteria.” Evaluation items: communication ability, understanding situational context, comprehending and summarizing content, grammar, vocabulary, kanji, assessing topics and perceiving human relationships, inferring and creating texts, understanding media (newspapers and broadcasting), acquiring and managing information, performing tasks, and understanding the Japanese language.
Evaluation criteria: Natural vs. unnatural, basic vs. applied, simple/easy vs. complex, fluent vs. non-fluent, free vs. restricted. Effective vs. ineffective, clear vs. unclear, systematic vs. unsystematic, concrete vs. abstract, everyday usage vs. uncommon, and correct vs. misused.