KJCKorea
Journal Central

This study aims to analyze and discuss the evaluation items and criteria for assessing and measuring language proficiency. The analysis is based on scales from the JLPT(Japanese-Language Proficiency Test), JPT(Japanese Proficiency Test), FLEX(Foreign Language Examination) test, and the CEFR(Common European Framework of Reference for Languge) framework. During data analysis, I considered the unique characteristics of data and organized and analyzed them using qualitative methods that incorporated the KJ method. In this study, 176 basic labels were extracted, and the headings were categorized into “Evaluation items” and “Evaluation criteria.” Evaluation items: communication ability, understanding situational context, comprehending and summarizing content, grammar, vocabulary, kanji, assessing topics and perceiving human relationships, inferring and creating texts, understanding media (newspapers and broadcasting), acquiring and managing information, performing tasks, and understanding the Japanese language. Evaluation criteria: Natural vs. unnatural, basic vs. applied, simple/easy vs. complex, fluent vs. non-fluent, free vs. restricted. Effective vs. ineffective, clear vs. unclear, systematic vs. unsystematic, concrete vs. abstract, everyday usage vs. uncommon, and correct vs. misused.

In this study, the dual nature of the Japanese expression “Siyoganai”in modern Japanese wasu surveyed, and the outcome can be summed up as followes: First, “Siyoganai”has its unified form where the particle “ga”cannot omitted, and also it shows the duality if the negative form “nai”is independently used. Second, the resercher tried to figure out the dual nature of “Siyoganai”by surveying the relationships with the NPI, practices, and adverbs. Third, the meanings and functions of “Siyoganai”were categorized and examined in forms of methods, means, situations beyond its ability, the highest praise, and the emotional expression of speakers. Fourth, it was found out that “Siyoganai”also has its interjectional function. Through the entire study, the dual nature of “Siyoganai”was explored and contributed significantly to its academic development in the field of study.

In this study, transcripts from a press conference of the Japan Meteorological Administration announcing a special heavy rainfall warning were used to examine the characteristics of directive expressions that alert and warn residents in an area and instruct them to evacuate and take preventive action. The findings indicate that action-directive expressions using passive terms such as “I hope you avoid it early as usual” and “I hope you avoid it quickly,” which are not used in action-directive expressions that appear in the NHK’s special broadcasts during earthquakes and tsunamis, as specified in previous studies and other evacuation instructions used in the disaster prevention manuals of both the central and local governments, wherein passive expressions, such as “I hope you avoid it soon” and “I hope you avoid it soon” are used. The underlying reason for using these action-directive expressions, such as “お願いします” and other passive expressions, is that by omitting specific actions, you can direct activities indirectly, politely, or concisely while still retaining the strong directiveness of “してください”.