Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal

Igbmno Major Jane; Khalid Mohammad; Raju Gunasunderi; Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar; Walvekar Rashmi; Ratnam Chantara Thevy; Chaudhary Vishal; Rani Gokana Mohana

doi:10.1007/s42823-023-00484-5

Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2023, 33(4), pp.1161-1170
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-023-00484-5
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : October 26, 2022
Accepted : February 19, 2023
Published : June 1, 2023

Igbmno Major Jane ¹, Khalid Mohammad ¹, Raju Gunasunderi ², Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar ³, Walvekar Rashmi ⁴, Ratnam Chantara Thevy ⁵, Chaudhary Vishal ⁶, Rani Gokana Mohana ⁷

¹Sunway University
²School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia
³Universiti Teknologi Brunei
⁴Xiamen University Malaysia
⁵Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia)
⁶Bhagini Nivedita College University of Delhi
⁷National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study investigated durian (Durio zibethinus) peels to produce powdered activated carbon (DPAC). The influence of process variables such as carbonization temperature, activation time, contact time, CO2 flow rate, and adsorption dosage was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A six-factor and two levels Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the parameters. The independent variables were activation temperature (°C), duration (min), CO2 flow rate during the activation process (L/min), irradiation of adsorbent (kGy), irradiation duration (min), and adsorbent dosage (g) while phenol removal (mg/L) was the dependent variable (response). Following the observed correlation coefficient values, the design was fitted to a quadratic model (R2 = 0.9896). The optimal removal efficiency (97.25%) was observed at an activation temperature of 900 °C, activation time of 30 min, CO2 flow rate of 0.05 L/min, irradiation dose of 100 kGy, contact time of 35 min and adsorption dosage of 0.75 g. The optimal DPAC showed a BET surface of 281.33 m2/g. The removal efficiency was later compared with a commercially available activated carbon which shows a 98.56% phenol removal. The results show that the durian peel could be an effective precursor for making activated carbon for phenol removal, and irradiation can significantly enhance surface activation.

KEYWORDS

Activated carbon Durian peel Electron beam irradiation Adsorbent Optimization Phenol

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Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.04

Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal

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This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (3) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (3) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-10-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

Carbon Letters 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.35 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.04

Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal

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KCI Citation Counts (1)

WoS Citation Counts (2) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (3) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (3) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-10-01)

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This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

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