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Process optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of biodiesel production using KOH-modified bio-carbon catalyst derived from marine macroalgae

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2023, 33(6), pp.1571-1590
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-023-00541-z
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : March 18, 2023
  • Accepted : May 20, 2023
  • Published : October 1, 2023

Yameen Muhammad Zubair 1 Naqvi Salman Raza 1 AlMohamadi Hamad 2 Wang Shuang 3

1Laboratory of Alternative Fuels and Sustainability, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
3School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of marine macroalgae-derived bio-carbon catalysts (BC and KOH-AC) for the efficient conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. The biochar (BC) was produced through slow pyrolysis of macroalgal biomass, which was subsequently activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce a KOH-modified activated carbon (KOH-AC) catalyst. Advanced characterization techniques, including SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA, were used to examine the physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts. The synthesized catalysts were utilized to produce biodiesel from WCO, and the results revealed that the highest biodiesel yields, 98.96%, and 47.54%, were obtained using KOH-AC and BC catalysts, respectively, under optimal reaction conditions of 66 °C temperature, 12.3 M/O molar ratio, 130 min time, and 3.08 wt.% catalyst loading via RSM optimization. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, such as k, Ea, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG, were determined to be 0.0346 min−1, 43.31 kJ mol−1, 38.98 kJ mol−1, − 158.38 J K−1 mol−1, and 92.58 kJ mol−1, respectively. The KOH-AC catalyst was recycled up to five times, with a significant biodiesel yield of 80.37%. The fuel properties of the biodiesel met ASTM (D6751) specifications, ensuring that it has excellent fuel characteristics and can be used as an alternative fuel.

Citation status

This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between the WoS and the KCI journals. (as of 2024-07-26)

Total Citation Counts(KCI+WOS) (7) This is the number of times that the duplicate count has been removed by comparing the citation list of WoS and KCI.

Scopus Citation Counts (11) This is the result of checking the information with the same ISSN, publication year, volume, and start page between articles in KCI and the SCOPUS journals. (as of 2024-10-01)

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.