@article{ART003273850},
author={Balasubramani Ravindran and Soon Woong Chang and S. Maragathavalli and Sung Su Kim and Natchimuthu Karmegam and Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath and Jothiramalingam Rajabathar and Hamad Al‑Lohedan and P. Maharaja and C. Thamaraiselvi},
title={Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2025},
volume={35},
number={5},
pages={2169-2182},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7}
TY - JOUR
AU - Balasubramani Ravindran
AU - Soon Woong Chang
AU - S. Maragathavalli
AU - Sung Su Kim
AU - Natchimuthu Karmegam
AU - Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
AU - Jothiramalingam Rajabathar
AU - Hamad Al‑Lohedan
AU - P. Maharaja
AU - C. Thamaraiselvi
TI - Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2025
VL - 35
IS - 5
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 2169
EP - 2182
SN - 1976-4251
AB - A considerable amount of the food is wasted each year, creating an urgent global problem with negative economic and environmental effects. Livestock manure, a by-product of intensive animal farming, can contribute to environmental issues if not properly managed. While biochar, a product of pyrolysis, can speed up the composting process and improve compost quality, sawdust is frequently used in composting to balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar on compost quality in co-composting food waste and swine manure and the influence of raw materials in obtaining good quality ecofriendly compost. Experimental manipulations were conducted both with feedstock materials present and absent. The findings revealed that a biochar concentration of 6% had a positive impact on the composting process. Furthermore, the presence or absence of feedstocks influenced the composting rate and the quality of the compost. Through the addition of biochar, moisture balance and porosity were improved, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Organic waste can be managed more sustainably and agricultural systems may be improved by keeping it out of landfills and composting it with biochar. According to this study, a proper balance of feedstock composition is equally important to the addition of biochar. The study contributes to the understanding of the composting process and the role of balancing feedstock components for the production of good quality compost.
KW - Biochar;Food waste;Swine manure;Thermal analysis;Compost;Sustainability
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
ER -
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja and C. Thamaraiselvi. (2025). Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure. Carbon Letters, 35(5), 2169-2182.
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja and C. Thamaraiselvi. 2025, "Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure", Carbon Letters, vol.35, no.5 pp.2169-2182. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja, C. Thamaraiselvi "Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure" Carbon Letters 35.5 pp.2169-2182 (2025) : 2169.
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja, C. Thamaraiselvi. Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure. 2025; 35(5), 2169-2182. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja and C. Thamaraiselvi. "Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure" Carbon Letters 35, no.5 (2025) : 2169-2182.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran; Soon Woong Chang; S. Maragathavalli; Sung Su Kim; Natchimuthu Karmegam; Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath; Jothiramalingam Rajabathar; Hamad Al‑Lohedan; P. Maharaja; C. Thamaraiselvi. Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure. Carbon Letters, 35(5), 2169-2182. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran; Soon Woong Chang; S. Maragathavalli; Sung Su Kim; Natchimuthu Karmegam; Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath; Jothiramalingam Rajabathar; Hamad Al‑Lohedan; P. Maharaja; C. Thamaraiselvi. Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure. Carbon Letters. 2025; 35(5) 2169-2182. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja, C. Thamaraiselvi. Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure. 2025; 35(5), 2169-2182. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
Balasubramani Ravindran, Soon Woong Chang, S. Maragathavalli, Sung Su Kim, Natchimuthu Karmegam, Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath, Jothiramalingam Rajabathar, Hamad Al‑Lohedan, P. Maharaja and C. Thamaraiselvi. "Synergistic effects of biochar and the importance of feedstock composition during co-composting food waste and livestock manure" Carbon Letters 35, no.5 (2025) : 2169-2182.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00913-7
