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B, S doped zero-dimensional carbon quantum dots from bio-waste for high density supercapacitors

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2025, 35(6), pp.2689~2702
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00945-z
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : March 19, 2025
  • Accepted : June 29, 2025
  • Published : December 11, 2025

Suman 1 Rani Gita 1 Bhawna 1 Kumar Harish 2 Devi Jai 3 Siddharth 1

1Chaudhary Devi Lal University
2Central University of Haryana
3Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Double-layer supercapacitors (SCs) based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a novel and highly potential electrical energy storage technology. They have a high-power density (Pd) and a long span life, which are desirable for electric automobiles, however, their specific capacitance (Csp) needs to be improved. Here, we introduce an affordable and environmentally sustainable method to enhance the capacitance of Boron-Sulphur doped carbon quantum dots (B,S-CQDs) from Oloptum miliaceum (Grass) via the hydrothermal method. The findings show that heteroatom-doping might greatly enhance the Csp and energy density (Ed) when compared to undoped CQDs. As a consequence, the B,S-CQDs demonstrate a high Csp of 390 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 152 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, revealing excellent rate performance. Along with the electrode demonstrates superb coulombic efficiency with only 2% efficiency loss after 3000 cycles. Furthermore, the B,S-CQDs with a wide voltage range of 0.8 V yields a remarkable Ed of 48.0 Wh kg−1 and Pd of 524 W kg−1. These promising findings demonstrate an economical and environmentally friendly electrode material for high-performance SCs. This study offers ideas for the design and preparation of SCs electrode materials and represents a major endeavour to turn waste biomass (smilograss) into a useful electrode material.

Citation status

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