@article{ART003341977},
author={Moon Seungjae and Kim Kitak and Park Suah and Yang Yongjun and Kim Seung Gun and Jin Heewon and Kim Sang Eun and Nam Seunghoon and Dalsu Choi},
title={Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2026},
volume={36},
number={1},
pages={365-378},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7}
TY - JOUR
AU - Moon Seungjae
AU - Kim Kitak
AU - Park Suah
AU - Yang Yongjun
AU - Kim Seung Gun
AU - Jin Heewon
AU - Kim Sang Eun
AU - Nam Seunghoon
AU - Dalsu Choi
TI - Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2026
VL - 36
IS - 1
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 365
EP - 378
SN - 1976-4251
AB - In this study, we upcycled waste polyethylene (PE) foam into a hard carbon anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) via sulfonation and subsequent carbonization. Following an optimized sulfonation process (100 °C, 24 h), the sample carbonized at 800℃ (PE_C800) demonstrated the best performance, showing a high reversible capacity of 180 mAh·g− 1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability, and long-term cycling stability (93.3% retention after 100 cycles). Structural analysis revealed this sample possessed a hierarchical porous structure and an interlayer spacing (0.388 nm), suitable for Na+ insertion. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) kinetic analysis and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy, the sodium storage was determined to follow an “adsorption-insertion model”, combining surface adsorption and interlayer insertion. This work presents a practical route for converting plastic waste into high performance energy storage materials.
KW - Polyethylene foam Upcycling Sodium-ion battery Ex-situ raman spectroscopy
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
ER -
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon and Dalsu Choi. (2026). Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 365-378.
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon and Dalsu Choi. 2026, "Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior", Carbon Letters, vol.36, no.1 pp.365-378. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon, Dalsu Choi "Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior" Carbon Letters 36.1 pp.365-378 (2026) : 365.
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon, Dalsu Choi. Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior. 2026; 36(1), 365-378. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon and Dalsu Choi. "Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 365-378.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae; Kim Kitak; Park Suah; Yang Yongjun; Kim Seung Gun; Jin Heewon; Kim Sang Eun; Nam Seunghoon; Dalsu Choi. Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 365-378. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae; Kim Kitak; Park Suah; Yang Yongjun; Kim Seung Gun; Jin Heewon; Kim Sang Eun; Nam Seunghoon; Dalsu Choi. Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior. Carbon Letters. 2026; 36(1) 365-378. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon, Dalsu Choi. Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior. 2026; 36(1), 365-378. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
Moon Seungjae, Kim Kitak, Park Suah, Yang Yongjun, Kim Seung Gun, Jin Heewon, Kim Sang Eun, Nam Seunghoon and Dalsu Choi. "Transforming polyethylene foam into a hard carbon anode: a study on its structure and sodium storage behavior" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 365-378.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00991-7
