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Recent advances in synthesis strategies and electrocatalytic applications of single−atom catalysts

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2026, 36(2), pp.667~695
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-026-01041-6
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : February 7, 2026
  • Accepted : February 20, 2026
  • Published : March 1, 2026

Chen Liang 1 Zeng Qing 1 Peng Yun 1 Xu Chenxi X. 2 Zhu Yucan 1 Li Gangyong 1 Sun Jiale 3 Wang Wei 1 Hou Zhaohui 1

1Hunan Institute of Science and Technology
2Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha
3Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Single−atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted significant attention in the field of electrocatalytic energy conversion owing to their unique catalytic properties and exceptionally high metal−atom utilization efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent synthesis strategies for SACs, and critically analyzes the advantages and limitations of each approach. With respect to catalyst characterization, advanced techniques, such as aberration−corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC−STEM) and X − ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), are highlighted for their crucial roles in elucidating atomic dispersion, coordination environments and electronic structures. Furthermore, the performance and applications of SACs in key electrocatalytic reactions are comprehensively reviewed, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and other representative reactions. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, offering insights into the reasonable design of high−performance SACs and their progress towards practical applications.

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