@article{ART003342730},
author={Li Chuan and Zhang Wenqi and Fang Zhilin and Chang Shike and Wang Xiaodong and Tan Xu and Chen Yijun and Hu Enzhu and Xu Xiaoyong},
title={Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2026},
volume={36},
number={2},
pages={957-970},
doi={10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5}
TY - JOUR
AU - Li Chuan
AU - Zhang Wenqi
AU - Fang Zhilin
AU - Chang Shike
AU - Wang Xiaodong
AU - Tan Xu
AU - Chen Yijun
AU - Hu Enzhu
AU - Xu Xiaoyong
TI - Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2026
VL - 36
IS - 2
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 957
EP - 970
SN - 1976-4251
AB - To develop high-performance lubricants, this study investigates polyamide 6 (PA6) as a solid additive in urea-based greases (UBGs). The tribological performance of UBGs containing varying concentrations of PA6 was evaluated at different temperatures using an HSR-2 M high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester. The structure and composition of PA6 and the worn surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 3D laser scanning microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and focused ion beam techniques to elucidate the underlying friction and wear mechanisms. The results demonstrate that PA6 significantly enhances the lubricating performance of UBGs. At an optimal concentration of 0.2 wt% PA6 and 40 °C, the friction coefficient was reduced by 7.6%, and the wear volume decreased by 50.9% compared to base UBG. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a tribofilm on the steel surface, driven by interactions between PA6 microspheres and the grease matrix. Upon contact, PA6 adsorbs and deposits on the steel surface, promoting the formation of a continuous lubricating film. This film enhances the film-forming capacity of the base grease, minimizes direct ball–disk contact, and effectively reduces friction and wear.
KW - Polyamide-6 Urea-based grease Tribological properties Thermal properties
DO - 10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
ER -
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu and Xu Xiaoyong. (2026). Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures. Carbon Letters, 36(2), 957-970.
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu and Xu Xiaoyong. 2026, "Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures", Carbon Letters, vol.36, no.2 pp.957-970. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu, Xu Xiaoyong "Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures" Carbon Letters 36.2 pp.957-970 (2026) : 957.
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu, Xu Xiaoyong. Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures. 2026; 36(2), 957-970. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu and Xu Xiaoyong. "Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures" Carbon Letters 36, no.2 (2026) : 957-970.doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan; Zhang Wenqi; Fang Zhilin; Chang Shike; Wang Xiaodong; Tan Xu; Chen Yijun; Hu Enzhu; Xu Xiaoyong. Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures. Carbon Letters, 36(2), 957-970. doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan; Zhang Wenqi; Fang Zhilin; Chang Shike; Wang Xiaodong; Tan Xu; Chen Yijun; Hu Enzhu; Xu Xiaoyong. Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures. Carbon Letters. 2026; 36(2) 957-970. doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu, Xu Xiaoyong. Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures. 2026; 36(2), 957-970. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
Li Chuan, Zhang Wenqi, Fang Zhilin, Chang Shike, Wang Xiaodong, Tan Xu, Chen Yijun, Hu Enzhu and Xu Xiaoyong. "Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures" Carbon Letters 36, no.2 (2026) : 957-970.doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01042-5
