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Cs2AgBiBr6 / PVDF nanocomposites as electroactive layer for triboelectric nanogenerators: structural, optical and electrical revelations

  • Carbon Letters
  • Abbr : Carbon Lett.
  • 2026, 36(3), pp.1145~1168
  • DOI : 10.1007/s42823-026-01046-1
  • Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
  • Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
  • Received : January 25, 2026
  • Accepted : March 18, 2026
  • Published : June 1, 2026

Madhumitha B. 1,  Kumar S. Vasanth 2,  Manjushree N. 1,  Yashaswini V. L. 1,  Gowda Kushal M. 3,  Kavya R. 1,  Sangamesha M. A. 4,  Farheen S. M. Rumana 5,  Krishnaveni S. 6,  Vanga Pradeep Reddy 7,  Sachith B. M. 8,  Panicker G. Unnikrishnan 9,  Mahadevaprasad P 1,  Madhukar B. S. 1

1JSS Science and Technology University
2Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangothri
3Hokkaido University
4Department of Chemistry, The National Institute of Engineering
5Khaja Bandanawaz University, Kalaburagi
6University of Mysore
7Department of Physics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology
8Florida State University
9Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology

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ABSTRACT

The integration of advanced functional materials into mechanical energy harvesting systems is essential for future energy solutions. The present work focuses on the synthesis of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite using a modified antisolvent reprecipitation method and its incorporation into the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer to enhance triboelectric performance using the solvent casting method. The nanocomposites, fabricated with variable Cs2AgBiBr6 concentration (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 wt/wt%), were subjected to various structural, morphological and optical characterisations by employing various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The fabricated nanocomposite shows high stability and charge-holding capability, ensuring effective performance across diverse environmental conditions. Therefore, the prepared nanocomposites were utilised as an electroactive layer for the fabrication of Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The optimised double perovskite-polymer-based triboelectric nanogenerator (P-TENG) reveals a substantial enhancement in output performance. Notably, the device incorporating 4.0 wt/wt % exhibited a peak-to-peak output voltage and current of 352 V and 52 µA (under 5 Hz and 10 N conditions), than those of the pristine PVDF-based TENG device. Furthermore, the device demonstrated practical applicability by efficiently powering over 60 LEDs, charging different capacitors, and powering the digital watch. Overall, this research highlights the role of lead-free double perovskite-based triboelectric nanogenerators in advanced self-sustainable energy harvesting applications.

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