@article{ART003388998},
author={Kim Sion and Asghar Kamal and Miguta Faustine Ngulimi and Seo Bum Kyoung and Capone Dora and Mozumder Yahya Hoque and Scenini Fabio and Roh Changhyun},
title={Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2026},
volume={36},
number={3},
pages={1311-1319},
doi={10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z}
TY - JOUR
AU - Kim Sion
AU - Asghar Kamal
AU - Miguta Faustine Ngulimi
AU - Seo Bum Kyoung
AU - Capone Dora
AU - Mozumder Yahya Hoque
AU - Scenini Fabio
AU - Roh Changhyun
TI - Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2026
VL - 36
IS - 3
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 1311
EP - 1319
SN - 1976-4251
AB - This study explores the effect of cobalt ions on the formation behavior of corrosion oxide layers on carbon steel SA 106 GR.B, a material widely used in the primary coolant system of pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). Oxide layers were generated under two high-temperature aqueous conditions. One condition contained hydrochloric acid, and the other contained hydrochloric acid with added cobalt sulfate. The specimen oxidized without cobalt exhibited a homogeneous magnetite (Fe3O4) layer with uniform morphology and composition. In contrast, the cobalt-containing condition produced a distinct bilayered oxide structure. The outer layer was primarily composed of iron oxides with minimal cobalt content, while the inner layer showed significant cobalt enrichment, with concentrations reaching up to 60 wt%. Cobalt was incorporated into the oxide scale, and a Co-enriched inner region was observed. These results demonstrate that cobalt alters the oxidation pathway and promotes the formation of compositionally heterogeneous layered oxide scales. These laboratory-grown oxides provide a non-radioactive surrogate for PHWR corrosion products, enabling controlled studies relevant to decontamination technology development.
KW - Carbon Steel SA 106 GR.B Structural material Oxide layer Magnetite Cobalt
DO - 10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
ER -
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio and Roh Changhyun. (2026). Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment. Carbon Letters, 36(3), 1311-1319.
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio and Roh Changhyun. 2026, "Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment", Carbon Letters, vol.36, no.3 pp.1311-1319. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio, Roh Changhyun "Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment" Carbon Letters 36.3 pp.1311-1319 (2026) : 1311.
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio, Roh Changhyun. Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment. 2026; 36(3), 1311-1319. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio and Roh Changhyun. "Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment" Carbon Letters 36, no.3 (2026) : 1311-1319.doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion; Asghar Kamal; Miguta Faustine Ngulimi; Seo Bum Kyoung; Capone Dora; Mozumder Yahya Hoque; Scenini Fabio; Roh Changhyun. Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment. Carbon Letters, 36(3), 1311-1319. doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion; Asghar Kamal; Miguta Faustine Ngulimi; Seo Bum Kyoung; Capone Dora; Mozumder Yahya Hoque; Scenini Fabio; Roh Changhyun. Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment. Carbon Letters. 2026; 36(3) 1311-1319. doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio, Roh Changhyun. Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment. 2026; 36(3), 1311-1319. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
Kim Sion, Asghar Kamal, Miguta Faustine Ngulimi, Seo Bum Kyoung, Capone Dora, Mozumder Yahya Hoque, Scenini Fabio and Roh Changhyun. "Effect of cobalt on the oxide layer formation on carbon steel in hydrothermal acidic environment" Carbon Letters 36, no.3 (2026) : 1311-1319.doi: 10.1007/s42823-026-01064-z
