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A study of Tereza, a female protagonist in Milan Kundera's ‘The Unbearable Lightness of Being’: Variations on the Oedipus Complex and the Chora Semiotic

  • Cross-Cultural Studies
  • 2025, 74(), pp.139-166
  • DOI : 10.21049/ccs.2025.74..139
  • Publisher : Center for Cross Culture Studies
  • Research Area : Humanities > Literature
  • Received : January 10, 2025
  • Accepted : February 7, 2025
  • Published : February 28, 2025

So-lim Lee 1

1전남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examined the growth and existential mode of Tereza, a female protagonist of Milan Kundera's ‘The Unbearable Lightness of Being’, focusing on Julia Kristeva's theory of the subject and Oedipal aspects. Kristeva's choric subject refers to a self that grows in its own way by dynamically moving between semiotic and symbolic orders, thereby undermining rigid boundaries between them. In this context, this paper viewed the chora semiotic as subverting the Oedipus complex as a rite of passage in the conventional normative discourse of growth. It examined this phenomenon via Kundera's female protagonist. Tereza emerged in the early part of the novel as a character who enacted the Oedipus complex. She respected her father's world and tried to enter it via books. The book played a bridging role in her meeting with her lover, Tomáš, who once served as a substitute for her father. However, Tereza was despaired by Tomáš's infidelity and ultimately failed to overcome the Oedipal phase. She regressed to oral and anal stages in the Freudian theory, but ultimately experienced this situation as a retreat that facilitated new growth. Not only these struggles, but also diverse events arising from the Prague Revolution occurred to Tereza. She overcame them in ways that could be interpreted as enactments of the chora semiotic, ultimately finding answers to her existence within the Idylle of music and nature.

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