2019, Vol.15, No.12

Crisisonomy 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.64

pISSN : 2466-1198 / eISSN : 2466-1201
https://journal.kci.go.kr/cemtp

Local-level disasters continue to occur, which requires for long-term temporary housing operations. However, most researches on temporary housing planning have concentrated on individual units and space planning in large indoor spaces. The purpose of this paper is to develop the installation criteria and layout typology for public facilities. Based on the domestic system of temporary housing management, the types of public facilities were established by comparing the guidelines by international organizations with domestic standards. This research developed seven models of community-block layout based on grid distribution, community road, and center squares, and applied them to a virtual site that can accommodate the block size of domestic school grounds and the size standard of international organizations. The characteristics of each model were compared by three criteria including convenience of installation and distribution, privacy and community building. Each facility type can be utilized as a complementary to each other, according to a long-term disaster response scenario.

The degree of public-private cooperation in disaster relief services is still insufficient and improper in South Korea. This study measured the satisfaction level of disaster victims with public and private support using a logistic regression model. The results showed that older or married victims were relatively less likely to be satisfied with public support. As for the types of disaster they experienced, fire victims were more likely to be satisfied with public support than typhoon victims. Victims living in Chungcheong region were more likely to be satisfied with public support than those in Seoul metropolitan area. The higher the social support, participation and discontent, the more likely they were to be satisfied with public support. Regarding psychological characteristics of a disaster victim, the larger the damage they felt, the more likely they could be satisfied with public support. Based on these findings, practical policy measures were recommended to improve disaster response capabilities.

On April 4, 2019, a fire from a hill in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do was spread to a large-scale forest fire in Sokcho city by strong winds. The fire killed one person, burned 401 houses and caused more than 4,000 victims. This case highlighted the importance of utilizing all available organizations, including the military, in order to effectively respond to a large-scale disaster. In the event of major disasters at national security level, the South Korean military provided support at the request of central or local government agencies by pre-assigning and operating troops as rescue and search units. It also established a close cooperation with local governments and related organizations by supporting 910,000 military personnel and 28,000 equipment during the recent five years. However, it is assessed that the South Korean military played a limited role in the event of a major disaster compared to its capabilities. Thus, this paper discussed legal and institutional problems and suggested measures on how the South Korean military could perform its capabilities in case of a major disaster, based on the lessons from the U.S. and Japanese military.