Health Communication Research 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.75
-
pISSN : 2093-2707 / eISSN : 2671-5856
- https://journal.kci.go.kr/hcr
KJCKorea
Journal Central
Reducing Optimistic Bias : From the Perspective of Construal Level Theory
- Health Communication Research
- 2022, 21(1), pp.1-56
- DOI : 10.24172/hcr.2022.21.1.1
- Publisher : Korea Health Communication Association
- Research Area : Social Science > Journalism and Broadcasting > Communication
- Received : May 15, 2022
- Accepted : July 19, 2022
- Published : July 31, 2022
1경북대학교
Accredited
ABSTRACT
The current study proposes that construal level can influence one’s positive evaluation of his or her susceptibility to diseases compared with others. A series of experiments was conducted to demonstrate the link between them. In study 1, the effect of psychological distances (temporal and spatial distance) on optimistic bias was found, such that the proximal distance reduced the optimistic bias. In study 2, manipulating the construal level, we founded that the construal level influenced the optimistic bias. Subjects primed to have low construal level reported the reduced optimistic bias compared with those primed to have high construal level. Study 3 was conducted with a 2 (construal level: high vs. low) × 2 (perceived severity: high vs. low) between-subjects factorial design. The moderated mediation analysis discovered that perceived control mediated the two-way interaction effect between construal level and perceived severity on the optimistic bias. Studies 1 and 2 collected data using college students as the sample, and study 3 employed the general adult population to improvethe generalizability of the findings. Theoretical and managerial implications were discussed for researchers and practitioners.
Statistics
-
282 Viewed
-
82 Downloaded
Tools
Issue List
Citation status
* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.
[journal]
Gboyega E. Abikoye
/ 2013
/ Psycho-spatial predictors of alcohol use among motor drivers in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for preventing vehicular accidents
/ The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research
/ International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research
1(1)
: 17~26
[journal]
Nidhi Agrawal
/ 2009
/ Regulating Risk or Risking Regulation? Construal Levels and Depletion Effects in the Processing of Health Messages
/ Journal of Consumer Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
36(3)
: 448~462
[journal]
Sun Joo (Grace) Ahn
/ 2014
/ Incorporating Immersive Virtual Environments in Health Promotion Campaigns: A Construal Level Theory Approach
/ Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
30(6)
: 545~556
[book]
Alicke, M. D.
/ 2005
/ The Self In Social Judgment
/ Psychology Press
: 85~106
[journal]
Mark D. Alicke
/ 1995
/ Personal contact, individuation, and the better-than-average effect.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
68(5)
: 804~825
[journal]
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
/ 2000
/ Optimistic bias in adolescent and adult smokers and nonsmokers
/ Addictive Behaviors
/ Elsevier BV
25(4)
: 625~632
[journal]
Jerry M. Burger
/ 1992
/ Changes in and Generalization of Unrealistic Optimism Following Experiences with Stressful Events: Reactions to the 1989 California Earthquake
/ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
/ SAGE Publications
18(1)
: 39~43
[journal]
Sucharita Chandran
/ 2004
/ When a Day Means More than a Year: Effects of Temporal Framing on Judgments of Health Risk
/ Journal of Consumer Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
31(2)
: 375~389
[journal]
Hua Chang
/ 2015
/ Message framing in green advertising: the effect of construal level and consumer environmental concern
/ International Journal of Advertising
/ Informa UK Limited
34(1)
: 158~176
[journal]
Chapin, J. R.
/ 2000
/ Adolescent sex and mass media : A developmental approach
/ Adolescence
35(140)
: 799~811
[journal]
Chapin, J.
/ 2005
/ Optimistic bias among potential perpetrators and victims of youth violence
/ Adolescence
40(160)
: 749~760
[journal]
Hichang Cho
/ 2013
/ Optimistic Bias About H1N1 Flu: Testing the Links Between Risk Communication, Optimistic Bias, and Self-Protection Behavior
/ Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
28(2)
: 146~158
[book]
Chu, H.
/ Construing Climate Change: Psychological Distance, Individual Difference, and Construal Level of Climate Change
/ Environmental Communication
[journal]
Valerie A. Clarke
/ 1997
/ Skin type and optimistic bias in relation to the sun protection and suntanning behaviors of young adults
/ Journal of Behavioral Medicine
/ Springer Science and Business Media LLC
20(2)
: 207~222
[journal]
Cloarec, J.
/ 2022
/ The personalization–privacy paradox at the nexus of social exchange and construal level theories
/ Psychology & Marketing
39(3)
: 647~661
[journal]
Julie M. Duck
/ 1995
/ The Perceived Influence of AIDS Advertising: Third-Person Effects in the Context of Positive Media Content
/ Basic and Applied Social Psychology
/ Informa UK Limited
17(3)
: 305~325
[book]
Elliott, D. S.
/ 1985
/ Theoretical Methods in Criminology
/ Sage Publications
: 123~150
[journal]
Kentaro Fujita
/ 2009
/ Moving beyond deliberative control of impulses: The effect of construal levels on evaluative associations in self-control conflicts
/ Psychological Science
/ SAGE Publications
20(7)
: 799~804
[journal]
Kentaro Fujita
/ 2006
/ Spatial Distance and Mental Construal of Social Events
/ Psychological Science
/ SAGE Publications
17(4)
: 278~282
[journal]
Kentaro Fujita
/ 2006
/ Construal levels and self-control.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
90(3)
: 351~367
[journal]
Karen Glanz
/ 1996
/ Communicating About Risk of Infectious Diseases
/ JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
/ American Medical Association (AMA)
275(3)
: 253~
[journal]
William B. Hansen
/ 1991
/ Perceived personal immunity to the consequences of drinking alcohol: The relationship between behavior and perception
/ Journal of Behavioral Medicine
/ Springer Science and Business Media LLC
14(3)
: 205~224
[journal]
Peter Harris
/ 1996
/ Sufficient Grounds for Optimism?: The Relationship Between Perceived Controllability and Optimistic Bias
/ Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
/ Guilford Publications
15(1)
: 9~52
[journal]
Peter Harris
/ 1994
/ The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others
/ British Journal of Social Psychology
/ Wiley
33(4)
: 369~386
[journal]
Peter Harris
/ 2000
/ The typical student as an in-group member: eliminating optimistic bias by reducing social distance
/ European Journal of Social Psychology
/ Wiley
30(2)
: 235~253
[journal]
Peter R. Harris
/ 2008
/ Testing the limits of optimistic bias: Event and person moderators in a multilevel framework.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
95(5)
: 1225~1237
[book]
Hayes, A. F.
/ 1995
/ Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis : A regression-based approach
/ Guilford publications
[journal]
Andrew F. Hayes
/ 2015
/ An Index and Test of Linear Moderated Mediation
/ Multivariate Behavioral Research
/ Informa UK Limited
50(1)
: 1~22
[journal]
Marlone D. Henderson
/ 2006
/ Transcending the "Here": The Effect of Spatial Distance on Social Judgment.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
91(5)
: 845~856
[journal]
Laurie Hendrickx
/ 1992
/ Effects of frequency and scenario information on the evaluation of large-scale risks
/ Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
/ Elsevier BV
52(2)
: 256~275
[journal]
Caglar Irmak
/ 2013
/ Selling the Forest, Buying the Trees: The Effect of Construal Level on Seller-Buyer Price Discrepancy
/ Journal of Consumer Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
40(2)
: 284~297
[journal]
Kaplan, B. J.
/ 1993
/ Unsafe sex : Decision-making biases and heuristics
/ AIDS Education and Prevention
5(4)
: 294~301
[journal]
Jeremy Kees
/ 2010
/ Temporal Framing in Health Advertising: The Role of Risk and Future Orientation
/ Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising
/ Informa UK Limited
32(1)
: 33~46
[journal]
김혜원
/ 2011
/
Comparison of Factors Associated with Intention to Receive Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Between Male and Female Undergraduate Students
/ 여성건강간호학회지
/ 한국여성건강간호학회
17(4)
: 415~425
[journal]
Hakkyun Kim
/ 2009
/ It's Time to Vote: The Effect of Matching Message Orientation and Temporal Frame on Political Persuasion
/ Journal of Consumer Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
35(6)
: 877~889
[journal]
Hye Kyung Kim
/ 2013
/ Exploring Optimistic Bias and the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction in the Context of a Campus Influenza Outbreak
/ Journal of Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
18(2)
: 206~222
[journal]
Hye Kyung Kim
/ 2015
/ Effects of Self-Affirmation, Narratives, and Informational Messages in Reducing Unrealistic Optimism About Alcohol-Related Problems Among College Students
/ Human Communication Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
42(2)
: 246~268
[journal]
Cynthia T.F. Klein
/ 2002
/ Perceived Control and the Optimistic Bias: A Meta-Analytic Review
/ Psychology & Health
/ Informa UK Limited
17(4)
: 437~446
[journal]
Justin Kruger
/ 2004
/ If you don't want to be late, enumerate: Unpacking reduces the planning fallacy
/ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
/ Elsevier BV
40(5)
: 586~598
[journal]
Margie E. Lachman
/ 1998
/ The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
74(3)
: 763~773
[journal]
Angela Y. Lee
/ 2004
/ Bringing the Frame Into Focus: The Influence of Regulatory Fit on Processing Fluency and Persuasion.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
86(2)
: 205~218
[journal]
Sul Hee Lee
/ 2010
/
The Relationship between the Optimistic Bias about Cancer and Cancer Preventive Behavior of the Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese Adult Residing in Korea
/ Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
/ Korean Society of Nursing Science
40(1)
: 52~
[journal]
Eva Lermer
/ 2014
/ The effect of construal level on risk-taking
/ European Journal of Social Psychology
/ Wiley
45(1)
: 99~109
[journal]
Eva Lermer
/ 2015
/ Thinking Concretely Increases the Perceived Likelihood of Risks: The Effect of Construal Level on Risk Estimation
/ Risk Analysis
/ Wiley
36(3)
: 623~637
[journal]
Li, S.
/ 2021
/ The closer I am, the safer I feel : The"distance proximity effect"of COVID-19 pandemic on individuals’ risk assessment and irrational consumption
/ Psychology & Marketing
38(11)
: 2006~2018
[journal]
Nira Liberman
/ 2002
/ The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal
/ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
/ Elsevier BV
38(6)
: 523~534
[journal]
Marianna Masiero
/ 2015
/ Personal Fable: Optimistic Bias in Cigarette Smokers
/ International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction
/ Briefland
4(1)
[journal]
Marianna Masiero
/ 2016
/ Optimistic bias in young adults for cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: A pilot study on smokers and drinkers
/ Journal of Health Psychology
/ SAGE Publications
23(5)
: 645~656
[journal]
Frank P. McKenna
/ 1993
/ It won't happen to me: Unrealistic optimism or illusion of control?
/ British Journal of Psychology
/ Wiley
84(1)
: 39~50
[journal]
Patrick C. Meirick
/ 2005
/ Rethinking the target corollary: The effects of social distance, perceived exposure, and perceived predispositions on first-person and third-person perceptions
/ Communication Research
/ SAGE Publications
32(6)
: 822~843
[journal]
Geeta Menon
/ 2009
/ Biases in social comparisons: Optimism or pessimism?
/ Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
/ Elsevier BV
108(1)
: 39~52
[journal]
Wilma Otten
/ 1996
/ Context Effects in the Measurement of Comparative Optimism in Probability Judgments
/ Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
/ Guilford Publications
15(1)
: 80~101
[journal]
Tibor P. Palfai
/ 2010
/ Action identification of drinking and self-control.
/ Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
24(1)
: 145~150
[journal]
Jin Seong Park
/ 2015
/ Prescription drug advertising, disease knowledge, and older adults’ optimistic bias about the future risk of alzheimer’s disease
/ Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
31(3)
: 346~354
[journal]
Jin Seong Park
/ 2013
/ Direct-to-Consumer Antidepressant Advertising and Consumers’ Optimistic Bias about the Future Risk of Depression: The Moderating Role of Advertising Skepticism
/ Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
29(6)
: 586~597
[journal]
Park, T.
/ 2021
/ Optimistic bias and preventive behavioral engagement in the context of COVID-19
/ Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
17(1)
: 1859~1866
[journal]
Linda S. Perloff
/ 1986
/ Self–other judgments and perceived vulnerability to victimization.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
50(3)
: 502~510
[journal]
Clinton Pettus
/ 1977
/ Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Abstract versus Concrete Information
/ The Journal of Social Psychology
/ Informa UK Limited
103(2)
: 233~242
[journal]
Paul C Price
/ 2002
/ Perceived Event Frequency and the Optimistic Bias: Evidence for a Two-Process Model of Personal Risk Judgments
/ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
/ Elsevier BV
38(3)
: 242~252
[journal]
Martina Raue
/ 2015
/ How far does it feel? Construal level and decisions under risk.
/ Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
4(3)
: 256~264
[journal]
Felix Septianto
/ 2019
/ The role of imagery in promoting organic food
/ Journal of Business Research
/ Elsevier BV
101
: 104~115
[journal]
Shukia, S.
/ 2021
/ Optimistic bias, risky behavior, and social norms among Indian college students during COVID-19
/ Personality and Individual Differences
183
: 111076~
[book]
Skinner, E. A.
/ 1997
/ The Developmental Psychology of Planning:Why, how, and when do we plan
/ Psychology Press
: 263~284
[journal]
Pamela K. Smith
/ 2006
/ You focus on the forest when you're in charge of the trees: Power priming and abstract information processing.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
90(4)
: 578~596
[journal]
Kevin M. Taylor
/ 1998
/ Bracing for the Worst: Severity, Testing, and Feedback Timing as Moderators of the Optimistic Bias
/ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
/ SAGE Publications
24(9)
: 915~926
[journal]
Carlos J. Torelli
/ 2009
/ Values as predictors of judgments and behaviors: The role of abstract and concrete mindsets.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
96(1)
: 231~247
[journal]
Yaacov Trope
/ 2003
/ Temporal construal.
/ Psychological Review
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
110(3)
: 403~421
[journal]
Robin R. Vallacher
/ 1989
/ Levels of personal agency: Individual variation in action identification.
/ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
57(4)
: 660~671
[journal]
Edward R. Watkins
/ 2008
/ Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought.
/ Psychological Bulletin
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
134(2)
: 163~206
[journal]
Daniel M. Wegner
/ 1989
/ Do Alcoholics Know What They're Doing? Identifications of the Act of Drinking
/ Basic and Applied Social Psychology
/ Informa UK Limited
10(3)
: 197~210
[journal]
Neil D. Weinstein
/ 1982
/ Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems
/ Journal of Behavioral Medicine
/ Springer Science and Business Media LLC
5(4)
: 441~460
[journal]
Neil D. Weinstein
/ 1983
/ Reducing unrealistic optimism about illness susceptibility.
/ Health Psychology
/ American Psychological Association (APA)
2(1)
: 11~20
[journal]
Katherine White
/ 2011
/ It's the Mind-Set that Matters: The Role of Construal Level and Message Framing in Influencing Consumer Efficacy and Conservation Behaviors
/ Journal of Marketing Research
/ SAGE Publications
48(3)
: 472~485
[journal]
KIM WITTE
/ 1996
/ Predicting Risk Behaviors: Development and Validation of a Diagnostic Scale
/ Journal of Health Communication
/ Informa UK Limited
1(4)
: 317~342
[journal]
Dengfeng Yan
/ 2011
/ Effects of Construal Level on the Price-Quality Relationship: Table 1.
/ Journal of Consumer Research
/ Oxford University Press (OUP)
38(2)
: 376~389
[journal]
Seounmi Youn
/ 2019
/ Effects of construal level and need for cognition on consumers' responses to temporally framed benefits
/ Journal of Consumer Behaviour
/ Wiley
18(2)
: 135~150
[journal]
Linlin Zhu
/ 2017
/ It's the thought that counts: The effects of construal level priming and donation proximity on consumer response to donation framing
/ Journal of Business Research
/ Elsevier BV
76
: 44~51
[other]
Zhu, X.
/ School of Journalism and Mass Communication
/ University of Minnesota
[journal]
View further author information
/ 2019
/ Ends over means : Self-affirmation strengthens attitudinal and weakens perceived control effects on behavioral intention
/ Media Psychology
22(3)
: 351~372