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Construction Method and Characteristics of Goguryeo Forts in the Basin of Han river

이정범 1

1한국고고환경연구소

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ABSTRACT

A group of forts over Mt. Acha area is representative of ruins of Goruryeo in the Basin of Han River basin, and 17 forts of them are designated as Historic Site No. 455 and taken care of. However, due to the relatively short period of occupancy by Goruryeo and geopolitical features that the royal castle of Baekje was located in that area, in the past, it was recognized as defense outpost remains related to Baekje, and the interest for the ruins was considerably low. The earliest record of fortress over Mt. Acha is seen in Daedongjiji, which was published geographical book in the late Joseon Dynasty under the name of Mt. Acha old fortress. Meanwhile the full-scale record had been done during the Japanese occupation period. Although relatively detailed locations of the sites were recorded at that time, it was kept as internal data of the Joseon governor general office and not disclosed to the general. As a result, the data have not been widely used for research after liberation. However, in the 80's, as the existence of Goguryeo earthenware was confirmed in Mongchontoseong and the previously investigated sites of Guui-dong were reconsidered as Goguryeo fortress, the existence of Goguryeo sites was newly recognized in the Han River basin. Since the academic research starting in 1994, the successful results of the extensive excavation on the walls and internal facilities of various forts have been added, and various studies on the structure and characteristics of the Goguryeo forts have been conducted. The most remarkable characteristic of the Goguryeo forts in South Korea is that they were mostly small scale structures with a circumference of more or less 300 meters on the top of mountains, except for the fortress built on some plains, and they had the facilities such as building areas and reservoirs on the flatland surrounded by stone walls along the top of mountains. Most of the walls are divided into soil and stone parts, which is typical of Goguryeo's forts construction as seen in Gooknae fortress and Jnangsoo fortress. Meanwhile, there have been various opinions regarding the construction method so far. In this regard, further excavation and research should be carried out. In addition, it is generally accepted that Goguryeo had occupied Hangang river basin until the mid-sixth century. However, some researchers believe the occupancy period can be extended to the early seventh century. As well as the basic functions as a defense facility, the forts seem to have performed as a 'Government office'. . Although it was thwarted by Silla and Baekje, it seems that Goguryeo intended to dominate the area as a territory.

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