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How was the Military doctrine of active defense born? : Focusing on the process of writing the FM 100-5 Operations 1976 edition

PARK SOLKYU 1

1(주)한화방산

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the nature of the “active defense” army doctrine through the process of writing the doctrine reflected on the FM 100-5 in the 1970s, the center of violent doctrinal change, when interest and doctrine changed from the Vietnam War to a large scale all-out war. General William E. Depuy, the first commander of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, founded in 1973, began developing conventional and total war doctrine that strongly reflected his own tactical idea. With full support of the Army Chief of Staff, General Abrams, Depuy began the development of an “active defense” doctrine in collaboration with his strong advocates on that military theory, General Paul F. Gorman and General Donn A. Starry, but faced a lot of opposition from existing infantry branch and field units. Depuy hosted OCTOFEST conference in collaboration with FORSCOM to gain authority to proposed doctrine, and collaborated with the German Army and U.S. Air Force Tactical Air Command to produce a doctrinal agreement in political perspective. The FM 100-5 was written with Depuy’s strong will but he had gone through a painful process when the 1976 version of “FM 100-5 Operations” was finally ready to publish. After the FM 100-5 was published and distributed, they clashed with traditional offensive supporters inside and outside the army because the U.S. Army's military ideology valued initiatives and traditional infantry doctrine. The “active defense” doctrine, which is the center of controversy, was eventually replaced by the 'Airland-battle' doctrine five years later.

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