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A Military Reappraisal of the Hanseong Campaign of 475 CE

  • military history
  • 2026, (139), pp.1~40
  • Publisher : Military History Institute, MND
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : March 26, 2026
  • Accepted : May 12, 2026
  • Published : June 15, 2026

Shin, Kwang cheol 1

1국립중앙박물관

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This article reexamines the Hanseong Campaign of 475 CE not as a simple surprise siege, but as a planned military operation in which Goguryeo integrated prior intelligence, force mobilization, encirclement, fire attack, and logistical support. Previous scholarship has focused primarily on the diplomatic background of Hanseong’s fall and the broader international context, leaving the actual course of the campaign and its military character relatively underexamined. To address this gap, the study cross-reads textual sources with archaeological and scientific evidence concerning Baekje’s defensive network in the Hanseong period, paleotopography, traces of fire, transportation routes, and supply conditions. The analysis suggests that Goguryeo’s southward advance was not an abrupt, improvised assault, but a planned campaign that combined intelligence gathering, troop mobilization, logistical preparation, encirclement of the capital area, and fire attack. In this respect, the Hanseong Campaign points to an operational level mediating between strategic objectives and tactical action rather than to a single battle in the narrow sense. By drawing on concepts from modern military studies in a limited and cautious manner, this article clarifies one aspect of Goguryeo’s conduct of war under King Jangsu. This reappraisal revises prevailing interpretations of the Hanseong Campaign and highlights the planning, complexity, and continuity of Goguryeo’s warfare under King Jangsu.

Citation status

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