KJCKorea
Journal Central

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the continuity and transformation in Russia’s medium- and long-term energy policies by examining the “Russian Energy Strategy 2035” and “Russian Energy Strategy 2050” through both qualitative content analysis and quantitative text similarity techniques. The primary objective is to systematically assess the degree of policy continuity between the two strategic documents, while also identifying strategic shifts driven by recent geopolitical and economic developments. Methodologically, the study conducts a qualitative comparative analysis of core objectives, policy directions, technological development trajectories, and geopolitical contexts. It further employs a Python-based cosine similarity analysis to quantitatively evaluate textual similarities and variations in key terminology. The findings reveal a high overall similarity score of 0.86 between the two strategies, indicating strong policy continuity. However, notable shifts in core keywords suggest that the geopolitical shock following the 2022 Russia–Ukraine war significantly influenced adjustments in strategic direction. In particular, the study highlights a strengthening emphasis on strategic autonomy, reorientation of energy exports toward eastern markets, promotion of renewable energy and hydrogen economy, and enhancement of technological self-sufficiency. These trends are accompanied by accelerated investments in infrastructure and technological innovation. By integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches to policy analysis, this study contributes to a more systematic understanding of the evolving nature of Russia’s energy strategy in response to a complex global environment.

North Korea is one of the biggest beneficiaries of the Russia-Ukraine War. In the process of directly and indirectly supporting Russia, the military cooperation between the two countries has rapidly strengthened. Simultaneously, the North has learned from the successes and failures of war parties on the battlefield and identified key lessons learned that will directly affect the future development of it's military. These factors will combine with each other to shape the future of North's military power, posing a serious threat to the security of the South Korea. Therefore, analyzing the North's gains and lessons learned from the Russia-Ukraine War is the most optimal way of analyzing the warfare for the South. As part of the analysis of the Russia-Ukraine War, this study examines what the North gained from and what it can learn from the war. In particular, this study focuses on aerospace operations, which has been less studied than other areas, to determine how the four elements of warfare acquired by North Korea will change the composition and operation of its air and air defense forces. Based on this, this thesis outlines how the ROK Air Force might change and develop to counter the North's military threat.

As Japan surrendered in World War II, Soviet troops were stationed in North Korea, and communist regimes began to be established in North Korea with Kim Il-sung's arrival in succession. At the same time, he established a military organization that later developed into the North Korean military, which led to the Korean War by organizing such an organization. The above North Korean troops have a relationship with the Communist Party as they do in communist countries, largely before the Korean War and after the Korean War, and leading to the Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un regime. However, it can be said that it is an external change, and the main factor is the status and role of the military. Despite these changes, the unchanging trend at the base is the enlisted army of individual dictators, including Kim Il-sung, and this aspect has been thoroughly applied to the relationship between the party and the military. Historical institutionalism emphasizes the fact that while the system is created or changed in the historical phenomenon of transformation, it is greatly influenced by the context of history over time. It also emphasizes that even if the environment changes and the utility of the system decreases or loses, the system can still exist due to inertia based on path dependence. This study focused on looking at and studying the party-military relations between North Korea from this point of view and confirmed that the study was meaningful.