KJCKorea
Journal Central

The central department of the North Korean Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA) consists of six bureaus and about 180 affiliated departments. The MHA exerted an overwhelming influence on North Korean society by expanding its organization three times as compared to the North Korean People’s Committee’s Home Affairs Bureau and establishing an internal agency from the center to the provinces. In addition, the MHA secured the new government from domestic and foreign threats and closely controlled the residents by organizing various departments related to police affairs, political crime, and resident life. The central department of the MHA was occupied by ethnic Koreans in USSR and Korean Volunteer Army(KVA) group. In particular, the KPA group was in control of the MHA and the Home Affairs Army, and the ethnic Koreans in USSR took control of the political security agency. In addition, North Korea’s political forces achieved checks and balances against the armed forces by sharing the roles of the People’s Army and the Home Affairs Army from the Northeastern Anti-Japanese Union Army Group and KVA Group. The MHA made the rank, career, and politics of the officers the standard for the selection of officers, and deliberately employed the working class who worked for a long time at the internal affairs agency.

This study develops an analytical framework using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems (SAFA) and utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate the sustainability of emerging security in South and North Korea. The areas of emerging security related to sustainability were categorized into economic, social, environmental, and governance. These areas encompass food security, economic security, energy security, environmental security, health security, and new technology security. Six key indicators were chosen for assessing sustainability in each security aspect. The analysis revealed that economic security is the primary factor in ensuring the sustainability of emerging security, followed by energy security, food security, environmental security, new technology security, and he alth secu rity. So uth Kore a's compo site in dex for secu rity sustainab ility was 63.71, wher eas N orth Kor ea's was 22 .96, indica tin g a substa ntial dispa rity. So uth Ko rea scored notably higher in all security categories compared to North Korea, except for environmental security. North Korea's key areas for enhancement encompass ‘food supply volatility per capita’, ‘market stability’, ‘primary energy supply diversity’, ‘access to health services’, ‘R&D investment’, and ‘securing irreplaceable source technologies’. The significant disparity between North and South Korea does not automatically indicate a strong likelihood of collaboration in these sectors. The designation of these areas as priorities for enhancement does not guarantee the existence of conducive conditions for cooperation.

This study began with the question of whether the economic growth, which can be considered Park Chung-Hee’s greatest achievement, was the fulfillment of the goals outlined in his revolutionary pledges, or merely a means of survival at the expense of the people. For the study, the situation and justification before the May 16 coup and the behavior leading up to the transfer of civil administration based on the revolutionary pledge were divided into stage 1, the presidential election process as stage 2, and the major policies enacted thereafter into stage 3, about 4. We looked at the major events that occurred over the years. As a result of the study, it was possible to connect the purpose of each article of the revolutionary pledge and each article with a structural relationship. Article 6 is the core of the revolutionary pledge, a strategic bridge for moving from the military to the civilian government, and Article 4 serves as the driving engine that moves it. and the remaining pledges were merely external justifications covering the core and engine. As a result, economic growth in the early days of the regime was a tool for their survival at the expense of the people. Looking structurally, personal advancement, ambition, and survival have a simultaneous objective relationship that circulates the same archetype, and in particular, personal advancement and ambition are deemed the defense for primary survival and the purpose of life. To protect them, the people were urged to make sacrifices for overall or national economic development, and politicians and the people who criticized them were politically oppressed.