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The Ideological Struggle of the Yongzheng Emperor -‘The Theory of the Civilized and the Barbarians’ in Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness (大義覺迷錄, Da yi zue mi lu)-

  • Journal of Humanities
  • 2020, (77), pp.123-159
  • DOI : 10.31310/HUM.077.05
  • Publisher : Institute for Humanities
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : April 16, 2020
  • Accepted : May 8, 2020
  • Published : May 31, 2020

Song In Ju 1

1서강대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to examine ‘the theory of the civilized and the barbarians (華夷思想)’ and ‘the theory of Unification of Chinese and Foreign (中外一統)’ in Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness (大義覺迷錄, Da yi zue mi lu)’. Especially, this study insists that the aim of Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness was to overthrow ‘the theory of the civilized and the barbarians (華夷思想)’ of Han China in the Yongzheng Emperor era of the Qing Dynasty, not the establishment of the theory of the unification of multiethnic states. Recently, some researchers of Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness insisted that the purpose of the book’s publication was the Yongzheng Emperor’s agenda of establishing a multiethnic empire. Besides, they insisted that ‘the theory of Unification of Chinese and Foreign (中外一 統)’ was linked to the theory of ‘the unification of multiethnic states (多民 族統合國家)’ in modern China as well as that of ‘Great Unification (大一統) of the Qing Dynasty’ in the Qianlong era. Although the theories of Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness influenced the theories of multiethnic states in the late Qing Dynasty and modern China in some degrees, I think that Yongzheng Emperor’s purpose of publishing Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness was not saying about the establishment of the theory of the unification of multiethnic states. First of all, the purpose of Yongzheng Emperor was to overthrow ‘the theory of the civilized and the barbarians (華夷思想)’ of Han China in Jiangnan (江南)’. The Qing Dynasty had formally been the ‘Manchu’ state which conquered Han China. So, in the Yongzheng reign, it was very important for the Qing emperors including Yongzheng drawing a willing obedience from the Han Chinese in Jiangnan. Additionally, in the Yongzheng reign, the Qing Dynasty had not yet conquered the non-ethnic Chinese regions, including Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinzhang. Consequently, the Yongzheng Emperor wanted to display the legitimacy of Chinese Emperor (中華君主)’ not a blueprint of a multiethnic empire. The vision of a multiethnic empire of Qing was presented by the Qianlong Emperor, the son of Yongzheng. The publication of Resolving Confusion with a Discourse on Righteousness was the Yongzheng Emperor’s ‘ideological struggle’ against the Han Chinese in Jiangnan.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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