@article{ART003397194},
author={Kwon Hyuk-Jin and Kim Hyungsuk and Kim Jang-Yeop},
title={Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components},
journal={Journal of Advances in Military Studies},
issn={2635-5531},
year={2026},
volume={9},
number={2},
pages={15-39}
TY - JOUR
AU - Kwon Hyuk-Jin
AU - Kim Hyungsuk
AU - Kim Jang-Yeop
TI - Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components
JO - Journal of Advances in Military Studies
PY - 2026
VL - 9
IS - 2
PB - Institute of Defense Acquisition Program
SP - 15
EP - 39
SN - 2635-5531
AB - Unmanned system threats are expanding from the air into the land, maritime, subsurface, and space domains, yet discussion of countermeasures has centered on aerial threats. An integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) concept spanning multiple domains and a multi-domain threat classification framework have each been proposed. However, neither has addressed which component of the operational concept closes the capability gaps they identify. This conceptual study addresses that linkage problem. It first consolidates a classification framework built on four classification axes and the concept of cross-domain threats, refining the recording unit of the operational-domain axis and the definition of cross-domain relationships. The study then identifies four constraint-driven capability gaps, which arise when threat attributes structurally exclude available countermeasures. It maps these gaps to the four components of the C-US operational concept: multi-domain integrated command and control, organization, doctrine and procedures, and technical support. The result is a gap-response matrix. The analysis shows that three gaps can be addressed by specific components: the neutralization of RF-based countermeasures, the limits of simultaneous engagement, and the compounding of constraints. The gap arising from the difficulty of cross-domain handling, however, requires a multi-domain integrated command and control system. To allow future research to test these linkages, the study presents five testable propositions with falsification conditions, and the appendix contains a two-round Delphi survey design for evaluating them. Establishing expert consensus and empirically verifying response effectiveness remain tasks for future research.
KW - Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US);Cross-Domain Threat;Constraint-Driven Capability Gap;Gap–Response Matrix;Conceptual Study
DO -
UR -
ER -
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk and Kim Jang-Yeop. (2026). Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components. Journal of Advances in Military Studies, 9(2), 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk and Kim Jang-Yeop. 2026, "Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components", Journal of Advances in Military Studies, vol.9, no.2 pp.15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk, Kim Jang-Yeop "Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components" Journal of Advances in Military Studies 9.2 pp.15-39 (2026) : 15.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk, Kim Jang-Yeop. Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components. 2026; 9(2), 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk and Kim Jang-Yeop. "Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components" Journal of Advances in Military Studies 9, no.2 (2026) : 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin; Kim Hyungsuk; Kim Jang-Yeop. Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components. Journal of Advances in Military Studies, 9(2), 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin; Kim Hyungsuk; Kim Jang-Yeop. Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components. Journal of Advances in Military Studies. 2026; 9(2) 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk, Kim Jang-Yeop. Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components. 2026; 9(2), 15-39.
Kwon Hyuk-Jin, Kim Hyungsuk and Kim Jang-Yeop. "Threat Classification of Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems and the Design of an Integrated Counter-Unmanned Systems (C-US) Framework: A Conceptual Study on Linking Capability Gaps to Response Components" Journal of Advances in Military Studies 9, no.2 (2026) : 15-39.
