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@article{ART002760549},
author={PARK KYUNG SUK},
title={The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System},
journal={Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies},
issn={1225-8539},
year={2021},
volume={28},
number={3},
pages={85-131},
doi={10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003}

TY - JOUR
AU - PARK KYUNG SUK
TI - The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System
JO - Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies
PY - 2021
VL - 28
IS - 3
PB - Institute of Global Affairs
SP - 85
EP - 131
SN - 1225-8539
AB - The WTO multilateral trading system have been weakened, while the regionalism has proliferated since the creation of the WTO. In this study we examine the aspects of the U.S.’s exit from multilateral trading system, and specify the time of exit. For this purpose, we use the ‘exit, voice, and loyalty’ concepts proposed by Hirschman. According to our analysis, the U.S. reduced substantially the role as a supplier of multilateral trade rules after the stalemate of the Doha Development Agenda with the diminished loyalty to the WTO multilateral system. Since then, mega-FTAs, plurilateral agreements or bilateral agreements have taken a central role in further liberalization of trade. The U.S.’s exit as a consumer of multilateral trade rules began with the revival of aggressive unilateralism and the blockage of the appointment of the Appellate Body members of the WTO in Trump Administration. It implies that the U.S. refuse the dispute settlement system of the WTO. The aggressive unilateralism based on Section 301, Super 301 and Special 301 in 1970’s and 1980’s should be considered not as a real exit, but as a threat of exit from the GATT multilateral system. It was a measure adopted by the U.S. to promote the effects of their voices in the Tokyo Round and the Uruguay Round. The US-Canada FTA and NAFTA, the first meaningful preferential trade agreements since World War II, used as a leverage for the beginning and the closure of the Uruguay Round. The Competition Liberalization policy taken in Bush administration cannot be considered as an exit from the WTO multilateral system. Most of the countries with which the U.S. concluded or negotiated a bilateral FTA were economically unimportant underdeveloped countries. The ultimate objective of the Competitive Liberalization policy was the conclusion of the Doha Development Agenda negotiation.
KW - Multilateralism;Aggressive Unilateralism;Competitive Liberalization;Exit;Voice
DO - 10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003
ER -

PARK KYUNG SUK. (2021). The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System. Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 28(3), 85-131.

PARK KYUNG SUK. 2021, "The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System", Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, vol.28, no.3 pp.85-131. Available from: doi:10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK "The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System" Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 28.3 pp.85-131 (2021) : 85.

PARK KYUNG SUK. The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System. 2021; 28(3), 85-131. Available from: doi:10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK. "The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System" Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 28, no.3 (2021) : 85-131.doi: 10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK. The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System. Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 28(3), 85-131. doi: 10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK. The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System. Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies. 2021; 28(3) 85-131. doi: 10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK. The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System. 2021; 28(3), 85-131. Available from: doi:10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003

PARK KYUNG SUK. "The U.S.’s Exit from Multilateral Trading System" Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies 28, no.3 (2021) : 85-131.doi: 10.18107/japs.2021.28.3.003