KJCKorea
Journal Central

Based on the analysis of the Chinese Communist Party’s policies on the private sector, revealed at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(hereafter the Third Plenary Session), this article claims the following arguments. First, during the Third Plenary Session, the CCP demonstrated its intentions to foster the private sector. To be specific, the Chinese Communist Party reaffirmed the principle of the ‘two unswervings’ to show their commitment to developing the private sector, and it also claimed fair treatment and protection of property rights and legitimate interests for the private sector. Besides, the Chinese Communist Party also declared the creation of a favorable environment and opportunities for the development of the private sector. Besides, by stressing the importance of high-quality development and a new-quality productive force, the Chinese Communist Party implied that it would offer more space for the private sector in these areas to pursue growth. On the other hand, however, the Third Plenary Session also demonstrated the Chinese Communist Party’s intention for the political and ideological guidance over the private sector, and its continuous guidance over the interactions between local government and business. In addition, the Chinese Communist Party’s claim for improving governance for private enterprises suggested expanding the authorities’ influence over the private sector. In other words, the Chinese Communist Party revealed its mixed signals, fostering and guidance, over the private sector during the Third Plenary Session.

This study aims to explore the factors affecting the willingness of the elderly in China to use smart care services, thereby providing empirical evidence fo the the activation of smart care services. This study conducted an empirical analysis of the elderly’s willingness to use smart care services through a survey targeting elderly people aged 60 or older living in China. To analyze the factors influencing the willingness to use smart elderly care services, this study established a research model that combines the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the perceived risk theory. The analysis revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions positively impact the willingness to use these services, while perceived risk negatively affects usage intention. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, this study emphasized that in order to activate smart elderly care services, it is necessary to increase awareness and public trust in smart services, strengthen risk management and safety assurance, improve the quality of smart care products and services, simplify usage, and expand policy support.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the convergence towards Eurasianism in the development of contemporary Russian geopolitics from the perspective of critical realism. This research aims to resolve the debate between classical and critical geopolitics through critical realism and, on this basis, explore the characteristics of Russian geopolitics. Understanding Russia’s geopolitical reality is based on recognizing causal forces and mechanisms occurring in Eurasia, which materialize under specific conditions. The attempt to interpret the spatial and social mechanisms formed since the Kievan Rus period through historical events has manifested in various trends such as Westernism, Eurasianism, Socialism, and Internationalism. These theories are considered hypotheses in that they detect the regular sequences of historical events and reconstruct them in thought. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Eurasianism, which synthesizes various perspectives, has gained significant empirical support. Moreover, it is believed that the tendency towards isolationism explains geopolitical reality more appropriately than expansionism. While a critical realist approach to geopolitics contributes to broadening the scope of thinking in the study of Russia’s geopolitical strategies, there is a limitation in that theoretical discussions can only address geopolitical events in a restricted manner. Future research based on critical realist explanatory models is needed.