@article{ART003305958},
author={Ji-Hoon Kim and Dong-Heon Cho and Seung-Kwan Choi},
title={Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration},
journal={Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information},
issn={1598-849X},
year={2026},
volume={31},
number={2},
pages={131-138},
doi={10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131}
TY - JOUR
AU - Ji-Hoon Kim
AU - Dong-Heon Cho
AU - Seung-Kwan Choi
TI - Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration
JO - Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information
PY - 2026
VL - 31
IS - 2
PB - The Korean Society Of Computer And Information
SP - 131
EP - 138
SN - 1598-849X
AB - In digital watermarking for 3D content protection, existing methods fail to exploit intermediate rendering signals and apply uniform embedding strength, leading to inevitable perceptual quality degradation. To overcome this limitation, we propose an adaptive watermarking method that combines rendering signals with a JND model. By analyzing correlations between five rendering signals and JND via Mutual Information, we identify Normal Map (0.073 nats) as the optimal guide signal and design two pixel-wise strength adaptation strategies: Product and Gated. Experiments on 960 samples from six 3D models demonstrate a PSNR improvement of 5.47dB and SSIM enhancement of 0.0059 over the baseline while maintaining 100% message recovery. The computational overhead is 19.4%, making it practical for real-time applications.
KW - Digital Watermarking;3D Rendering;Normal Map;Just Noticeable Difference (JND);Adaptive Embedding
DO - 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
ER -
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho and Seung-Kwan Choi. (2026). Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration. Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information, 31(2), 131-138.
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho and Seung-Kwan Choi. 2026, "Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration", Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information, vol.31, no.2 pp.131-138. Available from: doi:10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho, Seung-Kwan Choi "Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration" Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information 31.2 pp.131-138 (2026) : 131.
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho, Seung-Kwan Choi. Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration. 2026; 31(2), 131-138. Available from: doi:10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho and Seung-Kwan Choi. "Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration" Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information 31, no.2 (2026) : 131-138.doi: 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim; Dong-Heon Cho; Seung-Kwan Choi. Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration. Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information, 31(2), 131-138. doi: 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim; Dong-Heon Cho; Seung-Kwan Choi. Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration. Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information. 2026; 31(2) 131-138. doi: 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho, Seung-Kwan Choi. Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration. 2026; 31(2), 131-138. Available from: doi:10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
Ji-Hoon Kim, Dong-Heon Cho and Seung-Kwan Choi. "Adaptive Digital Watermarking Based on Multi-Rendering Signals: Perceptual Quality Enhancement through JND Model Integration" Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information 31, no.2 (2026) : 131-138.doi: 10.9708/jksci.2026.31.02.131
