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Study on the Potential Expressions in Modern Japanese-Comparison between ‘potential forms of the verb’ and periphrastic ‘surukotogadekiru’ forms-

Kim, Eun-Ju 1

1북해도대학

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In this study, I compare the circumstances in which ‘potential forms of a verb’ are used, and its periphrastic ‘surukotogadekiru’ - areused, in order to clarify the distinctions of these two forms. In previous studies, it is pointed out that the distinctions come from theperspectives of; ‘styles’, ‘meanings’, ‘surface forms’, ‘internal ability of the subject or ability which was derived from externalconditions’ and ‘kinds of verbs’. In this study, I reanalyze the distinctions of these two forms from different point of view. Based on thequestionnaire research, I conducted verification, and argue that these two forms are differentiated by the following five criteria:1) The ‘potential forms of the verb’ tend to cooccur with the language style when the speaker is expressing his or her feelings oremotions, and tend to be used when the speaker’s subjectivity is included in the utterance. 2) ‘Surukotogadekiru’ forms tend to be used when the potentiality is described from objective point of view by the speaker and, inthis case, the speaker’s feelings is not expressed strongly. 3) When the subject of the sentence is a second person or a third person, there are more chances that ‘potential forms of the verb’are used, if the speaker’s sympathy to the subject is high. 4) When the potentiality is expressed in other than present tense, the use of the periphrastic ‘surukotogadekiru’ forms is increased. 5) When the action depends on the speaker’s intention, the use of the ‘potential forms of the verb’ is increased.

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