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A Study on Toegye(退溪) Yi Whang(李滉) and Yulgok(栗谷) Yi I(李珥)’s Leadership through Their Classic Poetry and Philosophy

Yim， Jaewook 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper has following three purposes. First is looking at the differences in Toegye(退溪) Yi Whang(李滉) and Yulgok(栗谷) Yi I(李珥)’s classical poetry, second is understanding their poetic differences through their philosophy, and third is considering their leadership on the basis of the contemplation of their poetry and philosophy. Toegye(退溪)’s Dosansipyigok(陶山十二曲) and Yulgok(栗谷)’s Gosan- gugokga(高山九曲歌) show their view of nature and human. Unlike Toegye(退溪) taked note of the constant and ideational facet of nature, Yulgok(栗谷) taked note of variable and practical facet of nature. Toegye(退溪) catched sight of the ideology or reason from the nature, but Yulgok(栗谷) enjoyed the nature and felt the interesting or pleasure from it. Toegye(退溪) had a keen interest in his own self, but Yulgok(栗谷) had interest in not only himself but also other people. The differences in their view of nature and human can be understood very naturally from the viewpoint of Yigi(理氣) theory that is a field of Confucian philosophy. Toegye(退溪) regarded highly Yi(理) that belongs to essential existence, but Yulgok(栗谷) thought highly of not only Yi(理) but also Gi(氣) that belongs to phenomenal existence. According to their tendency of thought, Toegye(退溪) expressed the nature ideologically and symbolically but Yulgok(栗谷) expressed it practically and concretely. The interesting and pleasure which Yulgok(栗谷) felt from nature also are associated with Gi(氣), because they are some sorts of Chiljeong(七情) that belongs to Gi(氣). Toegye(退溪) thought highly of Sadan(四端) which is four fundamental mind in Confucianism and belongs to Yi(理). In the sight of Toegye(退溪)’s thought it is regarded that all people have same inclinations and talents with a certain person. So Toegye(退溪) poetry that sings about himself can be read as a song for other person. On the other hand Yulgok(栗谷) thought highly of Gi(氣) and Chiljeong(七情). In the sight of Yulgok(栗谷)’s thought all people are regarded as individual existences that have personalities of their own. So Yulgok(栗谷) called friends and payed attention to other people in Gosangugokga(高山九曲歌) These differences in their poetry and philosophy are concerned with the problem of leadership. Toegye(退溪)’s leadership driven from the thought emphasizing Yi(理) and Sadan(四端) had absolute, normative and ideological orientation. But Yulgok(栗谷)’s leadership driven from the thought emphasizing Gi(氣) and Chiljeong(七情) had relative, selective and realistic orientation.

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