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A Bibliographic Study on the Buddhist Scriptures Published by Unheung-sa

Hyon-Suk Pae 1

1계명문화대학

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ABSTRACT

In the late 17th century Unheung-sa in Ulsan published at its prime 15 titles of Buddhist scriptures and 2 titles of woodcut prints(illustrations of the Buddhist). In the early 19th century Unheung-sa was ruined, but no one knows exactly when, why or how. 673 woodblocks kept in Unheung-sa were relocated to Tongdo-sa. However those woodblocks were not listed on the catalogs of woodblocks compiled afterward. Prerequisites for xylography were human factors and materials. Human factors include planners, organizers, financial benefactors and technically skilled experts to publish scripts. Furthermore, many kinds of materials, including woodblocks to carve and papers to print, had to be easily supplied. In those days, Unheung-sa satisfied all those requirements. The prime organizers and planners were noted either at the end of the volumes or postscripts. Monks Haghun(학훈) and Yeonheui(연희) were the head planners of many titles. Benefactors, organizers and technical experts were also mentioned at the end of the volume. There were a total of 59 benefactors who were either laymen or monks. Among the secular benefactors, Kim Sanam(김사남), Yi Jongsan(이종산), Yi Hagchun (이학춘) were the donators of the largest amount of money. Yi Jongsan(이종산) donated not only in his own name but also in the names of the deceased parents. About 1,500 people who donated only small sums of money were also listed on the margins of books. Among technical experts, the most important were the xylographer. Among the 41 xylographers recruited, Wondam(원담) and Yeonheui(연희) were the most skilled. Yeonheui(연희) produced and participated in the engraving of 15 titles. He got the wood from Mt. Deokyu(덕유산), trimmed and engraved the text and illustrations. Six xylographers, including Yeonheui(연희), Wondam(원담), Youngchan(영찬), Yitaek(이택), Pyeongheul(평흘) and Neungsin(능신), left their names on the margins of the woodblocks so that we could infer their engraving skills. Although the woodblocks produced at Unheung-sa were not listed on the catalogs of woodblocks compiled since the reign of King Yeongjo, we can figure out the conditions of xylograph at Unheung-sa through the woodblocks and their prints currently kept at Tongdo-sa.

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