2009, Vol., No.44

A Study on the Edition of the Supplement of Dongmyeong-seonsaengjip

Park, Moon-Year | 2009, (44) | pp.5~35 | number of Cited : 2

PDF

A Bibliographic Study on the Buddhist Scriptures Published by Unheung-sa

Hyon-Suk Pae | 2009, (44) | pp.37~83 | number of Cited : 10

PDF

In the late 17th century Unheung-sa in Ulsan published at its prime 15 titles of Buddhist scriptures and 2 titles of woodcut prints(illustrations of the Buddhist). In the early 19th century Unheung-sa was ruined, but no one knows exactly when, why or how. 673 woodblocks kept in Unheung-sa were relocated to Tongdo-sa. However those woodblocks were not listed on the catalogs of woodblocks compiled afterward. Prerequisites for xylography were human factors and materials. Human factors include planners, organizers, financial benefactors and technically skilled experts to publish scripts. Furthermore, many kinds of materials, including woodblocks to carve and papers to print, had to be easily supplied. In those days, Unheung-sa satisfied all those requirements. The prime organizers and planners were noted either at the end of the volumes or postscripts. Monks Haghun(학훈) and Yeonheui(연희) were the head planners of many titles. Benefactors, organizers and technical experts were also mentioned at the end of the volume. There were a total of 59 benefactors who were either laymen or monks. Among the secular benefactors, Kim Sanam(김사남), Yi Jongsan(이종산), Yi Hagchun (이학춘) were the donators of the largest amount of money. Yi Jongsan(이종산) donated not only in his own name but also in the names of the deceased parents. About 1,500 people who donated only small sums of money were also listed on the margins of books. Among technical experts, the most important were the xylographer. Among the 41 xylographers recruited, Wondam(원담) and Yeonheui(연희) were the most skilled. Yeonheui(연희) produced and participated in the engraving of 15 titles. He got the wood from Mt. Deokyu(덕유산), trimmed and engraved the text and illustrations. Six xylographers, including Yeonheui(연희), Wondam(원담), Youngchan(영찬), Yitaek(이택), Pyeongheul(평흘) and Neungsin(능신), left their names on the margins of the woodblocks so that we could infer their engraving skills. Although the woodblocks produced at Unheung-sa were not listed on the catalogs of woodblocks compiled since the reign of King Yeongjo, we can figure out the conditions of xylograph at Unheung-sa through the woodblocks and their prints currently kept at Tongdo-sa.

A Study on the Naesagi(內賜記) Description Form

Il-Gie Song , Jae-Joon Lee | 2009, (44) | pp.85~118 | number of Cited : 5

PDF

An Experimental Investigation of the Metal Type Wax Casting Method Using White Clay

Cho Hyung Jin | 2009, (44) | pp.119~160 | number of Cited : 6

PDF

This study investigated the specific processes and principles of metal type wax casting method using white clay. (1) Matrix material: Beeswax and injection wax were useful as the material. (2) The mould material and type performance: White clay was useful as the filling material. Activated carbon, paper fiber and graphite were useful as the functional material. Each of the mixture proportion was 10～19% for activated carbon, 1% for paper fiber, and 20% for graphite. In particular, paper fiber played a superior, almost critical role in preventing cracks in the mould. Graphite demonstrated high success rate. However, the quality of type was found to be poor for all. Oil carbon was not an appropriate material. (3) Metal components, pouring quantity, and pouring method: Bronze was more effective than brass as the metal component. A small quantity of approximately 350 grams was poured using conventional method. (4) The number of character strokes: The fewer the number of character strokes, the higher the success rate was. (5) Direction of character face and pouring method of metal fluid: The success rate was highest when the character face was directed downward, and it was slightly higher when metal fluid was poured in a lying mode. (6) The main path caliber for metal fluid: The size of 4.5 × 5.0mm was sufficient. (7) The temperature of mould: The degree of 600℃ was sufficient as the burning temperature for mould. The success rate was not affected by the mould temperature at the time of metal fluid pouring. (8) The casting success and contraction rate: The highest success rate was 90.0%, and the overall success rate was 15.74%. Contraction rate was 5.83%. (9) The characteristics of type strokes: All the distinctive characteristics in 「Jikji」 were observed here. Therefore, it appears that the wax casting method adopted by this experiment was the replication of the method actually used to cast Jikji type.

A Bibliographic Study on the Newly Discovered Korean Translation(1882-1883) of Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo

Kang, Soon-Ae | 2009, (44) | pp.161~192 | number of Cited : 2

PDF

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a bibliographic study on the newly discovered Korean translation of the Bible Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo by reviewing in order the life of missionary John Ross, his translationandpublication of Korean Bible, the distribution of Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo, the bibliographic characteristics of both Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo and its Korean translation, the comparison between the recently found Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo(1882-1883) and its 1883 version, and the value of Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo. The newly discovered Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo is the first ever found Bible translated into Korean. In fact, the cover is imprinted with a publication record of Mungwangseowon located in ShenYang(瀋陽) and date of 1882. However, the exact period seems to be slightly prior to 1883 due to a number of evidential contents including the word ‘Haneunim(하느님)’ changed to ‘Hananim(하나님)’, the vowel sign /․/ more frequently used than in the 1883 version, and the word ‘Sungsin(성신)’ used instead of ‘Sunryeong(성령)’. Hence, the publication date can be estimated to be between 1882 and 1883. Moreover, on the front cover Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo is printed and on the back cover printed is Gandokyochwi which shows that it was initially bound as Gandokyochwi when brought into the country and was re-bound as Yesuseongkyo Yoannaebokeumjeonseo afterwards. The book itself documents the historical hardship and grief that the gospel suffered in the early days. The main text of this book totals 39 pages, and 「Gangmyeongpyeon」 on page 40 explains words. The cover is yellow in color with a publication record of Mungwangseowon located in ShenYang(瀋陽), 1882. The wooden types for printing this book are smaller than 0.5cm in both width and length, and their sizes are not consistent. In fact, it was recorded to be printed with lead metal types cast in Yokohama, but the test result shows that they were not lead types, but actually wooden types. It is expected that the results of this study will be applied to the fields of history of Christian literatures and Hangul literatures as well as bibliography.

A Study on the Engravers of Gukjobogam(「國朝寶鑑」) Printed in 1782

Sangho Kim | 2009, (44) | pp.193~209 | number of Cited : 9

PDF

A Study on the Changes in the Form of Hyojeonggong Gyeongsu-sijip

KiHwa Kim | 2009, (44) | pp.211~236 | number of Cited : 2

PDF

A Study on the Documents Related to Fishery in the Joseon Period

한미경 | 2009, (44) | pp.237~269 | number of Cited : 16

PDF

A Comprehensive Study on Honam Jeoluirog

Kichun Roh | 2009, (44) | pp.271~299 | number of Cited : 10

PDF

A Study on the Publications of Seowons in Haman, Gyeongsangnam-do

Sangkee Yun | 2009, (44) | pp.301~330 | number of Cited : 9

PDF

The purpose of this study is to investigate the publications, either published or assumed to be published by seowons(서원) located in Haman(함안), Gyeongsangnam-do(경상남도) by the year 1910. Out of the nineteen seowons, five published six books and might have published three more books. The books confirmed to be published by seowons are as follows: Mureung japgo(「武陵雜稿」) by Deogyeon Seowon(德淵書院), Eogye-seonsaeng jib(「漁溪先生集」), Haman Jo-ssi sipchung sillok(foreword in 1784)(「咸安趙氏十忠實錄」(1784序)), and Haman Jo-ssi sipchung sillok(foreword in 1794)(「咸安趙氏十忠實錄」(1794序)) by Seosan Seowon(西山書院), Geumna jeonsinrok(「金羅傳信錄」) by Songjeong Seowon(松汀書院) and Manmukdang-seonsaeng munjib(「晩黙堂先生文集」) by Yeoyang Seowon(廬陽書院). And Daesoheon-seonsaeng ilgo(「大笑軒先生逸稿」), Sonam jib(「損庵集」) and Gansong-seonsaeng munjib(「澗松先生文集」) are assumed to have been published by Deogam Seowon(德巖書院), Seosan Seowon(西山書院), and Songjeong Seowon(松汀書院), respectively. In this research, bibliographical information of these books have been described in detail and it is also confirmed that they were published either certainly or possibly by seowons. An analysis of these nine books shows the following characteristics: First, six books are categorized into individual works(別集) of the class of Collection of Works(集部), and three were categorized into biography(傳記) of the class of History(史部). Second, they were all printed with wooden movable types(목판본). Third, six books were published in the 18the century and three in the 19the century. Forth, they are all directly or indirectly related to the worshipers of related seowon. Six of them were works of the scholars enshrined at those seowons and three were written or edited by their descendants.

A Study on Japyeonmunjip in the Joseon Dynasty

Jung, Jin-Woong | 2009, (44) | pp.331~348 | number of Cited : 9

PDF

The Study on the Management of the Publication of Gukjobogam during the Reign of King Jeongjo

김정미 | 2009, (44) | pp.349~384 | number of Cited : 8

PDF

The study looks into the overall publication process of Gukjobogam during the reign of the King Jeongjo. To sum up the study, first, one of the most important topics discussed was the type of an edition which was finally decided to be printed from woodblocks. The base copy for pinting was first printed with movable types and then carved on woodblocks. First, Sunmyobogam(1684) and Sookmyobogam(1730) published during the reign of King Youngjo(1694-1776) were used as a base copy to carve woodblocks, and the edited books about the historical works during the King Sunjo, and the extra contents which would not be distributed were printed with movable types. Second, from the Government Printing Office three directors and two vice-directors who actually participated in the compilation of these books and had much knowledge were appointed to supervise the overall progress of publication. Also in order to rapidly complete the project, officials were sent to all around the country to bring local carvers into the capital. Third, carving of woodblocks began with the print of a base copy on April 29 and, with the work of 144 carvers, completed on July 4 a little after two months. Ten printers finished printing books around October 25, and the entire process of publication was complete during November. Fourth, a total of 218 technicians with 19 different skills, including carvers, printers, typesetters, proofreaders, etc. worked with a daily wage of 5.74L of rice. Out of 144 carvers, the largest group of workers, there were 72 monk carvers mostly from Gyungsangdo and Jeonllado, and they worked at Chongyoongchung outside the capital, separate from other workers due to the rule of restraining the Buddhist monks. During the reign of King Jeongjo, the publication cost totaled more than 80,000 ryang (which equals the value of 2.4 million Kg of rice at that time). Of the total cost, 10% was spent for producing woodblocks, and it is assumed that about 50% was spent for buying papers. A set of 22 volumes cost 50 bundles of book paper and 5 ryang(=187.5g) for luxury Chinese ink and binding.

A Study of Movable Hangeul Metal Types in Combination with theMusin-ja Type in the Collection of the National Museum of Korea

이재정 | 2009, (44) | pp.385~408 | number of Cited : 3

PDF

The Joseon produced dozens of different editions of movable types under the projects led by government. Most of the movable types featured Chinese characters which were the dynasty’s official writing system. However, some types featured Hangeul, the Korean alphabet, used for publishing “Korean” books to edify the masses. Without any record on the materials for making the movable Hangeul types used with the Musin-ja, Imjin-ja and Jeongyu-ja types, scholars assumed that they were wooden movable types on the basis of the books printed with them. In this study I carried out a close examination of the condition of the printing and the shape of the types used for the books printed with the Musin-ja, Imjin-ja and Jeongyu-ja types and concluded that the Hangeul types used in the early Hangeul books printed with the Musin-ja type were also movable metal types. The Musin-ja types were cast in 1669 and henceforth used to print a large quantity of books right up until the reign of King Yeongjo(r. 1724-1776). The intensive use of these types over such an extended period of time led to the additional casting of types-wooden movable types this time-to supplement the original edition. The books also show that the Hangeul types, too, came to be supplemented by an increasing number of wooden types. The Hangeul types used for Korean translations of the Chinese texts printed by the Imjin-ja and Jeongyu-ja types were largely wooden movable types. A closer examination of the condition of the printing in the books clearly reveals that a set of newly carved wooden Hangeul types were used along with the old metal types that had previously been used for the books printed with the Musin-ja type. Among the National Museum of Korea’s collection of Hangeul movable metal types are the Hangeul types used for the books printed with the Musin-ja, Imjin-ja and Jeongyu-ja types. In this study these types are termed as Musinja Byeongyong Hangeul Geumsokhwalja(Movable Metal Types of the Korean Alphabet Combined with the Musin- ja Type). This study, by comparing the remaining types with some of the characteristic types used for the books printed with the Musin-ja, Imjin-ja and Jeongyu-ja types, concludes that the types collected by the National Museum of Korea are the ones actually used for printing those books.

A Study on the Korean Annotations of Sohak in the Joseon Dynasty

Shin, Jeong-Yeop | 2009, (44) | pp.409~448 | number of Cited : 18

PDF

The Publishing and Preservation of Successive Kings’ Manuscript(列聖御製) in the Late Joseon Dynasty - Centered on Gyeongjong Daewang Eoje Cheomgan Sideungnok(景宗大王御製添刊時謄錄) -

gyeyoung cho | 2009, (44) | pp.449~489 | number of Cited : 4

PDF

A Study on the Origin of the Classification System of Historical Sector of Sago Jeonseo Chongmok(Comprehensive Bibliography of Sago Collections) - Centering on the Description in ‘Saji Mongnok(Catalogues of Chinese History Books)’ -

조영래 | 2009, (44) | pp.491~527 | number of Cited : 4

PDF

In the ancient China, classification of books was the basis of academic research and classification of academic fields, and became the foundation of bibliographical studies. In the Qing Dynasty, such tradition had developed to describe the academic origin and theoretical trend of bibliographical studies in China, and the bibliography became a standard to figure out the origin, development and context of academic schools and doctrines. Sago Jeonso Chongmok(Comprehensive Bibliography of Sago Collections compiled in the Qing Dynasty classified books into four classes, that is, Confucius Classics, History, Miscellaneous Subjects, and Collection of Writings. It, one of the most distinguished bibliographical works related to classification systems of books, is valued as the most comprehensive compilation of Chinese bibliographical works ever compiled. The Class of History in 'Sago Jeonso Chongmok' was originated from long time ago and largely influenced lby 'Saji Mongnok(Catalog of Chinese History Books)'. 'Saji Mongnok' means the catalogs contained in 'Ji' which was one part of Chinese official history, including 'Gyeongjeokji', 'Yemunji', etc. Since there are various types of 'Saji Mongnok' and the origins and relations of their examples are complex, an approach from both bibliographic and comprehensive historical views are required. Therefore, in this research, the entries of 'Saji Mongnok's are compared and analyzed in relation to the styles of bibliographies and catalogs. With this analysis, it was found that the origin of classification system and the organization of subclasses of the Class of History in 'Sago Jeonso Chongmok' were originated from 'Saji Mongnok'. And by comparing the subclasses and entries of 'Jeongsa(Authentic History)' with various official and private bibliographies, it was examined how their classification systems and entries were newly formed, added, and deleted, and then passed down to the Class of History in 'Chongmok'. Finally, by analyzing the process of establishing subclasses and entries of the Class of History in 'Chongmok' through its explanatory notes and prefaces, the possibility of approaching 'Chongmok' from the viewpoint of 'analytical bibliography' is also discussed.

Creativity of the Calligraphy of Bronze Inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty

Kim, Su-chon | 2009, (44) | pp.529~547 | number of Cited : 1

PDF

KJCKorea
Journal Central

Journal of Studies in Bibliography 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.65

2009, Vol., No.44