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@article{ART002497667},
author={JEOUNG Jaehyun},
title={The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)},
journal={Korean Review of French History},
issn={1229-702X},
year={2019},
number={41},
pages={59-87},
doi={10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59}

TY - JOUR
AU - JEOUNG Jaehyun
TI - The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)
JO - Korean Review of French History
PY - 2019
VL - null
IS - 41
PB - KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
SP - 59
EP - 87
SN - 1229-702X
AB - After the establishment of the protectorate in Tonkin in 1883, the French worked to “exploit” its mineral resources. Thus began the exploitation of the coal mines of Hòn Gai and Kế Bào in 1888, but its development quickly proved more difficult than the French had originally thought. In fact, mine operators had to create not only a new economic activity, but also the entire environment for its operation. The colonial authorities energetically favored French companies, but this could not ensure their success. The means of action of the colonial authorities remained clearly limited for solving problems such as the financing of the costs of first settlements, the mobilization of the labor force in large numbers and the conquest of new markets, which faced the mining companies.
KW - Tonkin;colonial capitalism;colonial authorities;coal mining;Hòn Gai;Kế Bào
DO - 10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59
ER -

JEOUNG Jaehyun. (2019). The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914). Korean Review of French History, 41, 59-87.

JEOUNG Jaehyun. 2019, "The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)", Korean Review of French History, no.41, pp.59-87. Available from: doi:10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun "The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)" Korean Review of French History 41 pp.59-87 (2019) : 59.

JEOUNG Jaehyun. The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914). 2019; 41 : 59-87. Available from: doi:10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun. "The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)" Korean Review of French History no.41(2019) : 59-87.doi: 10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun. The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914). Korean Review of French History, 41, 59-87. doi: 10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun. The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914). Korean Review of French History. 2019; 41 59-87. doi: 10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun. The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914). 2019; 41 : 59-87. Available from: doi:10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59

JEOUNG Jaehyun. "The difficulties of the “development” of the Tonkin coal mines and the role of the colonial state in the early years of the colonial period(1888-1914)" Korean Review of French History no.41(2019) : 59-87.doi: 10.51786/RCHF.2019.08.41.59