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The “Black Shame”: The Discourses of Race and Gender on the French Colonial Troops Engaged in the Occupation of the Rhineland after the First World War

  • Korean Review of French History
  • Abbr : KRFH
  • 2022, (46), pp.39~71
  • DOI : 10.51786/RCHF.2022.02.46.39
  • Publisher : KOREAN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : January 14, 2022
  • Accepted : February 15, 2022
  • Published : February 28, 2022

JEOUNG Jaehyun 1

1목포대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

French colonial troops engaged in the occupation of the Rhineland after World War Iwere accused of sexual violence against German women. Those who denounced theaggression of “black” or “colored” men against “white” women called it “black shame”. There was no doubt that there were several cases of rape committed by the soldiers whocame from French colonies, but it is also certain that the accounts of the atrocities deliveredby the propaganda against the “black shame” exaggerate reality. However, the outragearoused by the rumors sparked an intense protest campaign not only in Germany but alsoin several European and American countries. Outside Germany, it was mainly left-wingintellectuals, socialists and feminists who played a key role in transmitting the campaign,motivated by their internationalist idealism. However, the success of the internationalcampaign rested fundamentally on a racist feeling widely shared by the “whites”, who couldnot tolerate the rape of women of “superior race” by the “barbarians”. In Germany, the farright increasingly appropriated the propaganda against “black shame”, combining aggressivenationalism, biological racism and the attack on the Weimar Republic. To this extent, thediscourse of “black shame” reflected the restlessness and instability of post-war German society. On the other hand, it was essentially a masculine discourse, which paid little attention to thefate of the female victims themselves. Rather, it was an attempt to discipline women’s sexuality.

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