2025, Vol., No.52

Korean Review of French History 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67

pISSN : 1229-702X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/krfh

This paper aims to examine a topography of discourses related to history in the first half of the 14th century France. In this period, faced the serious political and social crises, various political communications took place and historical interest in the secular political community was formed. In order to analyze this, it is necessary to utilize the concept of ‘field’ suggested by P. Bourdieu. It is useful for examining not only contents of text but also thier practical effects in the actual communication system. To this end, it is necessary to explore the formation process of historical field at the level of historical reality by considering the language, form, nature, and status of the text. We can witness the phenomenon of historical writings written in French prose targeting secular readers branching out from traditional church-centered historical writing in Latin. This corresponds to the contemporary mutation of written culture and reflects the interest in the issue of national identity that was remarkably emerging.

Poullin, a feminist thinker, writer, and linguist who advocated for gender equality under the influence of the Cartesian philosophy that was popular in 17th century Europe, is considered the most radical feminist theorist, a pioneer of modern feminism, a social egalitarian, and an early enlightened thinker. The purpose of this paper is to understand and examine the originality of Poullin’s thought and the diversity of the history of modern feminism by analyzing the view of gender equality and the theory of women’s education presented in the treatises «De l’Egalité des deux sexes» and «De l’Education des dames». Chapter 2 examines the ‘Women’s Debate(Querelle des femmes)’ of the 15th and 16th centuries that influenced Poulin’s feminist thought and the discourse on gender equality in 17th century Cartesianism; Chapter 3 deals with Poullin’s life and the influence of Cartesianism. Chapter 4 focuses on Poullin’s view of gender equality and the theory of women’s education presented in «De l’Egalité des deux sexes» and «De l’Education des dames».

On June 17th 1789, the deputies of the Tiers-Etat declared themselves the National Assembly to challenge the King. During the royal conference of June 23th, Louis XVI insisted to maintain the old division of the three orders, declaring the decisions of the National Assembly as illegal and unconstitutional. Following the letter of June 27th, however, he eventually permitted the deputies of the three orders to assemble all together. The Court decided to rely on the military force to defend the Royalty and the Ancien Regime. On July 11th, the King dismissed the controller general Necker and appointed a new cabinet. Regarding the news as the sign of a royal Coup d’état, the citizens of Paris took up the arms to defend the National Assembly and themselves. By taking the Bastille, they broke the counter-revolutionary attempt of the Court. At last, on July 17th, Louis XVI visited the city hall of Paris and conceded to their victory.