2021, Vol.110, No.

The Korea Spatial Planning Review 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.2

pISSN : 1229-8638
https://journal.kci.go.kr/krihs

While the economic growth of regions continues to shrink due to the waning of manufacturing industry, a lot of local governments have sought potential resources for strengthening the attraction of tourism sites. The problem is that many of tourism sites are not properly capable of responding to the diversification of tourists’ needs and changes in trend. Starting with 12 places in 1969, 228 sites have been designated as tourism sites, and about 69.8 percent of them were designated before the 2000s. It means that most of them are necessary to rebuild or remodel in terms of physical, functional and environmental aspects. In spite of necessity to regenerate tourist sites in decline, there are still insufficient academic progress and policy consideration. This study aims to develop indicators for diagnosing the decline of tourist sites and apply them to designated 228 tourist sites in order to analyze whether or not they are in decline and the severity of decline. Based on reviewing the cases to develop similar indicators and the measurability of data, five indicators for this study are finally extracted. The result shows that 85 of the total tourism sites are in decline and 39 of them are in severely declining stage. Local municipalities, in which 17 of 39 tourism sites in severe decline are located, are also experiencing serious decrease in overall conditions such as population, local income tax, and the number of companies and workers in the tourism sector.

As a necessity for urban development has increased in ASEAN countries, the Korean government puts much effort into enhancing the cooperation relationship for Smart city development with ASEAN. Every country in ASEAN has different economic and urbanization conditions and the environment for smart city development. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a customized country strategy based on multi‒dimensional analysis to promote smart city development cooperation with ASEAN. We analyzed three dimensions: cooperation condition with Korea, urban development demands, and smart city development conditions. Each has four indicators to evaluate factors of smart city development in ASEAN respectably. Finally, We suggested customized five types of country groups for Korea‒ASEAN smart city development through quantitative analysis. In addition, an online survey was conducted for ASCN city officials to identify the preferred technical support areas, cooperation methods, and specific service sectors for urban development by each city. As an implication of analysis, to strengthen partnership for smart city development, we suggest that it is an important phase to concentrate on actual conditions and demands in ASEAN cities.

This study aims to uncover cross-district transmission patterns of COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea in three waves. To this end, a total of 93,755 reported cases that local governments published online were firstly mapped and analyzed the spatial diffusion patterns using ArcMap 10.5. Secondly, network analyses method was employed to discover the directions of transmission as well as the relationships between urban hierarchy and transmission patterns of the virus in three waves. In network analysis, 28,365 cases, that contain information of both origin and destination of individual cases, were analyzed and visualized using Gephi. The analyses unveiled the differences among three outbreak waves in their transmission scales, speed, and directions. At an overall level, the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA) found to be the super-spreader and instrumental in spreading the virus throughout the pandemic. But the second and third waves were more diverse and heterogeneous while the transmission of the first wave was concentrated around the SMA. Districts with over 1 million population found to have contributed to widespread and rapid transmission of the virus. The findings of this study contribute to developing and deploying area-specific prevention and intervention measures against future epidemics.