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The Political Interpretation of Social Welfare Institutionalization during the Period of Rapid Economic Growth

  • Korean Society and Public Administration
  • Abbr : KSPA
  • 2015, 26(1), pp.53-82
  • Publisher : Seoul Association For Public Administration
  • Research Area : Social Science > Public Administration

Kim, Soon Yang 1

1영남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study addresses the impact of political factors on the institutionalization of social welfare in the rapid economic growth era of 1960s-70s Korea. In doing so, this study aims to politically interpret the progress of social welfare under the developmental state that prioritized economic growth as a state goal. A range of political factors including political ideology, political system and governing leadership, competition between political parties, and political events are considered. The time period is divided according to the 5.16 military regime, the first phase of the Park Chung-hee government since the power transfer to civil government in 1963, and the second phase of the Park government following the October 1972 Yushin. The results of the analysis reveal differences in the influence of political factors on the institutionalization of social welfare, particularly over time. In general, numerous social welfare institutions were established and the influence of political factors was great under the 5.16 military regime. Meanwhile, the institutionalization of social welfare declined during the first phase of the Park government and the impact of political factors was less sensitive. Under the second phase of the Park government, many social insurance policies were institutionalized and a number of political factors were influential. The reasons why political factors differently influenced the institutionalization of social welfare over time are discussed from a range of perspectives.

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