본문 바로가기
  • Home
Basic Search

Beethoven X: The AI Project Research Focusing on Generative AI and Human Creative Collaboration

  • Journal of the Korean Society for Musicology
  • Abbr : JKSM
  • 2025, 33(2), pp.101~143
  • DOI : 10.34303/mscol.2025.33.2.003
  • Publisher : The Korean Society for Musicology
  • Research Area : Arts and Kinesiology > Musicology > Other Musicology
  • Received : October 30, 2025
  • Accepted : November 18, 2025
  • Published : December 30, 2025

Chun, Chung-im 1,  Lee Kughwa 1,  Shin Gayeong 1,  Lee Yeonjae 1

1충남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Beethoven X: The AI Project uses artificial intelligence (AI) to elaborate Beethoven’s surviving sketch fragments in order to complete the third and fourth movements of his Symphony No. 10. This paper explored the interaction between generative AI and humans during the creative process of the Beethoven X project from the perspective of co-creativity. The creative process proceeded in three stages: musicological expositions, computational methods (data-driven development), and compositional recapitulations. In the musicological explorations stage, Beethoven’s sketches were deciphered and digitized to create seed material, and the sketch fragments were then appropriately arranged. In the computational methods (data-driven development) stage, multiple machine learning architectures were expanded were built. Contextually relevant data were selected and used for training, and short sketch fragments were expanded and extended in various ways. In the compositional recapitulations stage, the work was completed by combining and regenerating the most effective outputs. The Beethoven X project is the result of ‘co-creativity’ between artificial intelligence and humans. The AI recombines vast amounts of data to generate new music at remarkable speed. Humans also actively intervene at every stage of the project’s creative process, producing a collaborative work between AI and humans. From the perspective of ‘co-creativity,’ it is necessary to move beyond understanding artificial intelligence merely as a tool for creation. Genuinely creative outcomes can emerge when two systems with distinct characteristics—humans and computers—interact. Co-creativity between artificial intelligence and humans could open a pathway to overcoming existing limitations and entering new realms in the arts.

Statistics

  • 113 Viewed
  • 114 Downloaded

Tools

Issue List

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.

Basic Search Advanced Search