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This paper aims to reveal aspects of semantic change in clipped loanwords in terms of the semantic broadening, narrowing and shift. Although loanwords in the new words participate in the word formation process as they are in the original language, it is found more often in its clipped form, when combined with other elements to form a new word. In the research on clipped words so far, there have been few studies on changes in the meaning of clipped words. A clipped word is characterized in that its meaning is not significantly different from the original word. However, among the clipped loanwords, there are not a few examples that in the process of undergoing a change in meaning. The semantic broadening and shift is more popular than narrowing in clipped borrowing words. The semantic broadening type is divided into two subtypes. The one is that generated by the scope of the object to be pointed becomes diversified such as ‘케미’. The other is that generalization of the scope of meaning such as ‘밍아웃’, ‘드립’, ‘디스’. The semantic narrowing is a type that specializes in semantic scope such as ‘팅’. And for the semantic shift, examples in which the meaning was changed by metaphor such as ‘테크’, ‘인싸’, ‘스펙’, ‘피셜’.

The directive speech act is a speech act that instructs and requires a listener to act and can have a great influence on the formation of human relationships. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore and compare the directive speech act pattern that appears between Korean textbooks and Korean native speakers for the development of Korean learners' correct communication skills. This study newly defined the concept and category of directive behavior in the 'psychological authority of the speaker', and based on this, directive behavior that appeared in three kinds of Korean textbooks was extracted. In addition, a Description Completion Test (DCT) was designed to ask Korean native speakers to write what kind of ending they would actually use to speak in the context of the command shown in the textbook. As a result, it was found that various expressions were technically used in Korean textbooks, but depending on the situation and variables of various psychological authority, actual Korean native speakers preferred to use basic commands and indirectly performed command expressions. Based on these results, if the direction of the textbook moves toward approaching sentence functions with various communication situations and socio-cultural variables as a starting point, more efficient learners' communication skills will be improved.

This study attempted to examine how items classified as idioms in Korean are translated through machine translation based on artificial neural networks. in the standard Korean dictionary The results of 14 items presented as idioms translated into English through Google Translator, Kakao Translator, and Papago Translator were compared focusing on the equivalence of the semantic and morphological aspects. This study looked at how the corresponding items were realized in the translation of the title words and examples, and whether the result of the title control translation was applied to the example translation, that is, the result of the title control translation and the result of the example translation were consistent in the same translator. In order to confirm the accuracy of the results translated into English, a BLEU evaluation was conducted to compare them with back translation and human-performed translation. Based on the results of this analysis, the results derived according to the translator were compared, and the types were classified based on form and semantic relevance. The significance of this study can be found in that it suggested the direction of the parts and utilization measures that machine translation should supplement to contribute to improving the quality of the translator through various aspects of the translation results.