2022, Vol.76, No.

Korean Semantics 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.11

pISSN : 1226-7198 / eISSN : 2734-0171
https://journal.kci.go.kr/semantics

The purpose of this study examined lexical typology and its factors of Korean ‘meokta(먹다)’, Chinese ‘chi(吃)’, and Japanese ‘taberu(食べる)’ based on meaning expansion and syntactic structure. Their meta-verb EAT consists of the etic meaning that is the most prototypical meaning and the emic meaning that has been expanded from the etic meaning. EAT can be divided into six types. After analyzing corpus data, EAT meaning was expanded in the order of 'Korean > Chinese > Japanese'. And there was a clear difference in the distribution. The Korean ‘meokta’ has the most diverse meaning, but the Japanese ‘taberu’ was only used to have a prototypical meaning. Because of the diachronic factor, the semantic expansion and distribution of each language have very different phenomena. Korean ‘meokta’ have been diachronically maintained their form and meaning, but Chinese ‘chi’ was changed from ‘shi(食)’ during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of all, the Japanese ‘taberu’ changed from humble word to ordinary word in modern language. Consequently, it can be seen that diachronic factor has a big influence on meaning expansion.

This paper aims to review the results of previous studies on neologism formation and synthesize related discussions by selecting several issues that may be controversial. Specifically, it dealt with problems of the hierarchy regarding neologism formation, problems related to the type of neologisms, and the relationship between neologisms and institutionalization. The main contents are summarized as follows. First, neologism is a new word in a relative sense, in that it is made through acceptance of language community according to social criteria. The range of neologisms can also be dynamically changed depending on various levels of the language community. Second, neologisms can be systematized as morpho-semantic neologisms, semantic neologisms, and morphological neologisms based on the newness of each form and meaning. Third, as with neologisms, institutionalization and norm are also relative to each language community. With reflection on the concept of dictionary-listed words, the step of nonce words → neologisms → standard words can be suggested

This paper analyzes the hierarchical structures of named entities in the NIKL Named Entity Corpus, which is annotated with 553,830 flat named entity tags. This study will be a base for developing a method to build a Korean nested named entity corpus. The flat version of named entity recognition identifies mentions as linear spans. The nested named entity approach analyzes the hierarchical internal structure of named entities which may consist of smaller component named entities. We extracted candidate mentions for the nested named entity analysis from the NIKL Named Entity Corpus and classified them into three categories: serial named entities, complex named entities, and phrases with a named entity head. These candidates were reviewed manually to be selected as the target of nested named entity analysis. Finally, we discussed the span and the internal structure of named entities and proposed principles and guidelines for the construction of the Korean nested named entity corpus