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A Review of Codes of Ethics in the United States and Ethical Dilemmas Surrounding the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)

Jieun Kim 1 Dawnie W. Steadman 1

1Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Accredited

ABSTRACT

A growing number of studies related to human remains in Korea highlight the need for developingprofessional ethics codes and laws that govern disposition and treatment of human remains. In order to providemodels for developing ethics codes and regulations relevant to the field of biological anthropology in Korea, thecurrent paper presents a review of ethics codes in the United States related to the procurement, curation, andstudy of human remains. In the first half of the paper, we provide a full treatment of ethics codes of majorprofessional organizations, including code definition, development, and revision. The latter half of the paper isdedicated to discussions of ethical issues surrounding a United States federal law, the Native American GravesProtection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), and a high-profile case of the Kennewick man, the Ancient One. These two examples will demonstrate the difficulty in anticipating ethical issues and unintended misconduct inthe course of research. NAGPRA and the Kennewick Man further emphasize three simple yet important takehomepoints for biological anthropologists and other professionals working with human remains: 1) to bereflective about potential ethical issues related to their research, 2) to be collaborative and encourage involvementof descendant communities at all stages of research, and 3) to be respectful of different worldviews of deathbetween (sub)cultures. Finally, we close our discussion with possible sources of ethical conflicts in Korea to helpprepare biological anthropologists as more excavations of human remains take place in Korea.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2024 are currently being built.