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The Study of Cranial Shape Variation in a Population from Joseon Dynasty using Geometric Morphometrics

정현우 1,  Woo Eun Jin 2,  Pak, Sunyoung 3

1서울대학교 사회과학대학 인류학과 생물인류학 실험실
2연세대학교
3서울대학교

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ABSTRACT

Traditional morphometrics uses ratios between measured values such as the cranial index and theupper facial index. However, with these ratios alone, it is impossible to represent the shape of the entire craniumin a three-dimensional space because ratio does not express coordinate data. This methodological limitation oftraditional morphometrics makes it difficult to evaluate relations between cranial parts. However, it is importantto assess relations between cranial parts because cranial parts change their shapes in an integrated way. Therefore,this study adopted geometric morphometrics to overcome the limitations of traditional morphometrics and providea more enhanced visual analysis of the cranial shape. Using geometric morphometrics, this study focused onvariations of cranial shapes in a population from Joseon Dynasty to obtain their specific characteristics. This study investigated variations of cranial shapes in 57 individuals from Seoul∙Gyeonggi province who livedin the 15th to the early 20th centuries. The coordinates of the crania were collected by MicroScribe G2X (ImmersionCorporation, USA) and statistically analyzed using principal component analysis. The results showed that the variations in cranial shapes of females were reflected mostly in width, length ofcranium, position of bregma, shape of posterior part of cranium, and length of facial bone. The cranial shapes ofthe males varied mostly in length, width, height of cranium, size of mastoid process, and length of facial bones. The cranial length became shorter when the cranial width became broader in both sexes. However, cranial heightand facial length showed different variations between the two sexes. In addition, the variation in females onlyshowed evidence of static allometry. The results of this research provide basic information about cranial shapes in a population from Joseon Dynastyand will be useful in future studies such as analysis on between-group differences. By identifying within-groupvariations first, researchers focusing on between-group differences will likely avoid erroneous conclusions.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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