2009, Vol.22, No.2

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67

pISSN : 1229-0718 / eISSN : 2671-6542
https://journal.kci.go.kr/baldal

In a group of 696 middle school students in Seoul and Kyung-gi areas. the present study examined the relationships between adolescents' emotional characteristics (anger, withdrawal, empathy), cognitive characteristics (hostile attribution bias, internal attribution), and parenting behaviors (mothers’ and fathers’ warmth-acceptance, rejection-restriction, permissiveness-neglect) as predictors of bullying behaviors and victimization by peers in each gender. Results indicated different sets of cognitive, emotional, and parenting variables explained bullying behaviors and experiences of being bullied in each gender. Some of the variables contributed to both bullying behaviors and experiences of being bullied. Next, this study identified variables that distinguished bullies or victims from bully/victims in each gender. The role of empathy that distinguished bullies from bully/victims in a group of females needs to be replicated with follow-up studies. The findings of this study would contribute to more gender-specific, integrated approaches for bullying prevention or intervention.

This study examined the relationships of subjective health, personality traits, happiness and death attitude with the Korean elderly(60-89years). ANOVA and trend analysis revealed elderly men, compared with elderly women, the sixties, compared with the eighties had better subjective health. And subjective health changes negatively with age. Also subjective health for the elderly women was more greatly influenced by background variables than for the elderly men. In relation to the personality traits and happiness, older adults with better subjective health tended to be more extraverted, optimistic, and happier than their counterparts. In addition, extraverted or optimistic older adults and older adults with good subjective health had more neutral acceptance of death. Path analysis suggested extraversion or optimism had influences indirectly through subjective health on happiness or death attitude as well as personality traits or subjective health directly on that.

This study investigated differences in daily life experiences and affect states depending on levels of self-esteem among elementary school 6th grade students. To indicate daily life experiences, the amount of time spent across 4 daily activity contexts(schoolwork, active leisure, passive leisure, maintenance) and 3 interpersonal contexts(alone, family, friends) was measured and to indicate daily life affect states, levels of happiness and worry across those daily activity and interpersonal contexts were measured using Experience Sampling Method(ESM). A sample of 107 students(54 boys and 53 girls) reported their daily life experiences six times a day for 4 days. They provided 1490 self-reports. Findings are as follows: first, high level of self-esteem group boys spent more time alone than with their family members or friends compared to low level of self-esteem group boys. And, high level of self-esteem group girls spent more time with their family members or friends than alone compared to low level of group girls. Second, high level of self-esteem group boys and girls experienced higher happiness and lower worry across daily activity and interpersonal contexts compared to low level group counterparts. Finally, high level of self-esteem group boys' affect states varied across daily activity and interpersonal contexts less than low level group counterparts. The findings were discussed in the stability of affect states across daily life contexts to indicate self-esteem.