The Effect of Social Exclusion and Gratitude Writing on Interpretational Bias of the Facial Expression (사회적 배제 경험과 감사 글쓰기 과제가 얼굴표정 해석 편향에 미치는 영향)

김희영; Seung-yeon Lee (이승연)

The Effect of Social Exclusion and Gratitude Writing on Interpretational Bias of the Facial Expression

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
2017, 30(1), pp.83-102
Publisher : The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology
Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science

김희영 ¹, Seung-yeon Lee ¹

¹이화여자대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the hostile cognitive bias in the task of interpreting neutral facial expressions after social exclusion and to find whether gratitude moderates the relationship between social exclusion and cognitive interpretation bias. Eighty-nine emerging adults participated in the experiment. The data analysis used a 2(social exclusion/acceptance) X 2(gratitude writing/control) ANOVA. The Cyberball game and gratitude writing task were used to manipulate social exclusion and gratitude respectively. For the interpretation task, the participants were asked to look at the neutral facial expressions and evaluate the degree of rejection as well as friendliness of each facial expression. Results indicated that there was a significant interaction effect between social exclusion and gratitude in interpreting neutral facial expressions as rejecting. However, in interpreting neutral facial expressions as friendly, only the main effect of gratitude was significant. Based on the results, therapeutic intervention strategies for negative outcomes of social exclusion were discussed.

KEYWORDS

social exclusion, hostile cognitive bias, cyberball game, gratitude writing, facial expression

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

[journal] 권선중 / 2006 / Validation of the Korean Version of Gratitude Questionnaire / 한국심리학회지: 건강 / 한국건강심리학회 11(1) : 177~190

[confproc] 송경희 / 2016 / 사회적배제경험이 여대생의 전위된 공격성에 미치는 영향 / 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집 2016(8) : 283~283

[journal] 이수정 / 2013 / Psychological Typology of Offenders with Public Mass Violence / 보호관찰 / 한국보호관찰학회 13(2) : 136~186

[journal] 이지은 / 2016 / The Effects of Appreciation Journal Use on Depression, Subjective Well-Being, Optimism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies among Women's University Students with Depression Tendencies / 한국심리학회지: 건강 / 한국건강심리학회 21(1) : 19~46

[journal] Arnett, J. J. / 2007 / Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? / Child Development Perspectives 1(2) : 68~73

[journal] Bailey, C. A. / 2008 / Differentiating forms and functions of aggression in emerging adults : Associations with hostile attribution biases and normative beliefs / Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37(6) : 713~722

[journal] Bartlett, M. Y. / 2012 / Gratitude : Prompting behaviours that build relationships / Cognition & Emotion 26(1) : 2~13

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 2002 / Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes : anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(4) : 817~827

[journal] Bearman, P. S. / 2004 / Suicide and friendships among American adolescents / American Journal of Public Health 94(1) : 89~95

[confproc] Birk, M. V. / 2016 / The Effects of Social Exclusion on Play Experience and Hostile Cognitions in Digital Games / Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems / ACM : 3007~3019

[journal] Bryant, F. B. / 2001 / Refining the architecture of aggression : A measurement model for the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire / Journal of Research in Personality 35(2) : 138~167

[journal] Buckley, K. E. / 2004 / Reactions to acceptance and rejection : Effects of level and sequence of relational evaluation / Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40(1) : 14~28

[journal] Bushman, B. J. / 2002 / Violent video games and hostile expectations : A test of the general aggression model / Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28(12) : 1679~1686

[journal] Buss, A. H. / 1992 / The aggression questionnaire / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63(3) : 452~459

[journal] Carter Sowell, A. R. / 2008 / Ostracism increases social susceptibility / Social Influence 3(3) : 143~153

[journal] Chow, R. M. / 2008 / Excluded emotions : The role of anger in antisocial responses to ostracism / Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44(3) : 896~903

[journal] Coles, M. E. / 2005 / Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobia : a replication and extension / Behaviour Research and Therapy 43(1) : 109~120

[journal] Compton, M. T. / 2005 / Social environment factors associated with suicide attempt among low-income African Americans : The protective role of family relationships and social support / Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40(3) : 175~185

[journal] DeWall, C. N. / 2006 / Alone but feeling no pain : Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91(1) : 1~15

[journal] DeWall, C. N. / 2010 / A little acceptance goes a long way applying social impact theory to the rejection-aggression link / Social Psychological and Personality Science 1(2) : 168~174

[journal] DeWall, C. N. / 2009 / It's the thought that counts : The role of hostile cognition in shaping aggressive responses to social exclusion / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96(1) : 45~59

[journal] Dodge, K. A. / 1980 / Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior / Child Development 51(1) : 162~170

[journal] Emmons, R. A. / 2003 / Counting blessings versus burdens : an experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84(2) : 377~389

[book] Emmons, R. A. / 2002 / Handbook of positive psychology / Oxford University Press : 459~471

[book] Fredrickson, B. L. / 2004 / The psychology of gratitude / Oxford University Press : 145~166

[journal] Fredrickson, B. L. / 2005 / Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought action repertoires / Cognition &Emotion 19(3) : 313~332

[journal] Garland, E. L. / 2010 / Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity : Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology / Clinical Psychology Review 30(7) : 849~864

[journal] Hall-Lande, J. A. / 2007 / Social isolation, psychological health, and protective factors in adolescence / Adolescence 42(166) : 265~286

[journal] Hasan, Y. / 2012 / Viewing the world through"blood-red tinted glasses" : The hostile expectation bias mediates the link between violent video game exposure and aggression / Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48(4) : 953~956

[journal] Hawkley, L. C. / 2010 / Responses to ostracism across adulthood / Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 6(2) : 234~243

[journal] Healy, S. J. / 2015 / A longitudinal investigation of maternal influences on the development of child hostile attributions and aggression / Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 44(1) : 80~92

[journal] Heinrichs, N. / 2001 / Information processing in social phobia : A critical review / Clinical Psychology Review 21(5) : 751~770

[journal] Joormann, J. / 2006 / Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia / Journal of Abnormal Psychology 115(4) : 705~714

[journal] Lakin, J. L. / 2008 / I am too just like you nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion / Psychological Science 19(8) : 816~822

[journal] Lambert, N. M. / 2011 / Expressing gratitude to a partner leads to more relationship maintenance behavior / Emotion 11(1) : 52~60

[journal] Lambert, N. M. / 2012 / Gratitude and depressive symptoms : The role of positive reframing and positive emotion / Cognition & Emotion 26(4) : 615~633

[journal] Lansford, J. E. / 2010 / Developmental cascades of peer rejection, social information processing biases, and aggression during middle childhood / Development and Psychopathology 22(3) : 593~602

[journal] Leary, M. R. / 2006 / Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression / Personality and Social Psychology Review 10(2) : 111~132

[journal] Lundh, L. -G. / 1996 / Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics / Behaviour Research and Therapy 34(10) : 787~794

[journal] Maner, J. K. / 2007 / Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the"porcupine problem" / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92(1) : 42~55

[journal] McCullough, M. E. / 2002 / The grateful disposition : a conceptual and empirical topography / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82(1) : 112~127

[journal] McCullough, M. E. / 2004 / Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain : links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86(2) : 295~309

[journal] Miller, N. / 2003 / A theoretical model of triggered displaced aggression / Personality &Social Psychology Review 7(1) : 75~97

[journal] Mogg, K. / 1999 / Some methodological issues in assessing attentional biases for threatening faces in anxiety : A replication study using a modified version of the probe detection task / Behaviour Research and Therapy 37(6) : 595~604

[journal] Molano, A. / 2013 / Selection and Socialization of Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior : The Moderating Role of Social-Cognitive Processes / Journal of Research on Adolescence 23(3) : 424~436

[journal] Pharo, H. / 2011 / Age-related changes in the effect of ostracism / Social Influence 6(1) : 22~38

[journal] Rash, J. A. / 2011 / Gratitude and Well Being: Who Benefits the Most from a Gratitude Intervention? / Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being 3(3) : 350~369

[journal] Richards, A. / 2002 / Anxiety-related bias in the classification of emotionally ambiguous facial expressions / Emotion 2(3) : 273~287

[journal] Rigby, K. / 2000 / Effects of peer victimization in schools and perceived social support on adolescent well-being / Journal of Adolescence 23(1) : 57~68

[journal] Schofield, C. A. / 2007 / Social anxiety and interpretation biases for facial displays of emotion : Emotion detection and ratings of social cost / Behaviour Research and Therapy 45(12) : 2950~2963

[journal] Stevens, S. / 2008 / Effects of alcohol on ratings of emotional facial expressions in social phobics / Journal of Anxiety Disorders 22(6) : 940~948

[journal] Tremblay, P. F. / 2004 / Did the instigator intend to provoke? A key moderator in the relation between trait aggression and aggressive behavior / Aggressive Behavior 30(5) : 409~424

[journal] Tsumura, K. / 2015 / Effects of social anxiety and group membership of potential affiliates on social reconnection after ostracism / Current Research in Social Psychology 23(3) : 18~25

[journal] Twenge, J. M. / 2007 / Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92(1) : 56~66

[journal] Twenge, J. M. / 2001 / If you can't join them, beat them : effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81(6) : 1058~1069

[journal] Twenge, J. M. / 2007 / Replenishing connectedness : Reminders of social activity reduce aggression after social exclusion / British Journal of Social Psychology 46(1) : 205~224

[journal] Van Beest, I. / 2006 / When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91(5) : 918~928

[journal] Veldhuis, T. M. / 2014 / Vicarious group-based rejection: creating a potentially dangerous mix of humiliation, powerlessness, and anger / PLoS ONE 9(4) : e95421~

[journal] Wesselmann, E. D. / 2010 / Adding injury to insult : Unexpected rejection leads to more aggressive responses / Aggressive Behavior 36 : 232~237

[book] Williams, K. D. / 1997 / Aversive interpersonal behaviors / Plenum Press : 133~170

[journal] Williams, K. D. / 2007 / Ostracism / Psychology 58(1) : 425~452

[book] Williams, K. D. / 2003 / Social judgments: Implicit and explicit processes / Cambridge University Press : 325~342

[journal] Williams, K. D. / 2000 / Cyberostracism : effects of being ignored over the Internet / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79(5) : 748~762

[journal] Williams, K. D. / 2002 / Investigations into differences between socialand cyberostracism / Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 6(1) : 65~77

[journal] Williams, K. D. / 1997 / Social ostracism by coworkers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation? / Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23(7) : 693~706

[journal] Williams, K. D. / 2012 / Cyberball(version 4. 0)[Software] / Retrieved January 10 : 2012~

[journal] Wood, A. M. / 2010 / Gratitude and well-being : A review and theoretical integration / Clinical Psychology Review 30(7) : 890~905

[journal] Zadro, L. / 2004 / How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence / Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40(4) : 560~567

KJCKorea
Journal Central

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.67